所以生活中我们要隐藏自己的信息，不轻易外泄。应该把人身安全放在第一位 的翻译是：So we have to hide themselves in the life of information, not easily getting out. Should put safety first 中文翻译英文意思，翻译英语
请在下面的文本框内输入文字，然后点击开始翻译按钮进行翻译，如果您看不到结果，请重新翻译！
所以生活中我们要隐藏自己的信息，不轻易外泄。应该把人身安全放在第一位
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罗马尼亚语
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So we have to hide themselves in the life of information, not easily getting out. Should put safety first
正在翻译，请等待...
So we have to hide themselves in the life of information, not easily getting out. Should put safety first
So in life, we want to hide their own information leakage is not easy. Should the security of the person in the first place
Therefore in the life we must hide own information, outside releases not easily.Should place the personal safety first
相关内容&a该总户下无分户 Under this total household unqualified household & a立交桥 Multi-level crossing bridge & aDo not try it?
& ainstall tools and untilitles 安装工具和untilitles & a请输入您需要翻译的文本！Good morning,everybody Good morning, everybody & a激光扫描共聚焦显微镜成像原理及组成 The laser scan altogether focuses the microscope image formation principle and the composition & a你能告诉我小孩是否能在俱乐部上舞蹈课 You can tell me the child whether can on the club the dance lesson. & aSelects the Color panel.
& aMake some noise! 弄出一些声响! & ais there anything that worth buying 正在翻译，请等待... & a不幸地是，在我们回家的路上下起了雨 正在翻译，请等待...
& abe hart let me 是牡鹿让我 & a珍妮将两个月不能打排球 正在翻译，请等待...
& a我想去青岛 I want to go to Qingdao
& a梦的邮局期待你的来信！ The dream post office anticipates your incoming letter! & a你可以发张你的照片给我吗 You may send open your picture to give me & a有棕色的眼睛，没留头发。 Has the brown eye, has not kept the hair. & aI swear I’d be a better man.
& aIt will be found, in fact, that the ingenious are always fanciful, and the truly imaginative never otherwise than analytic." 它比分析将被发现，实际上，巧妙总是稀奇的和真实地有想象力从未否则。“ & a首先，在英语方面，学习的内容多了，我常常把单词背错。其次，数学依旧是我的难题，我不能很好的理解一些算法，总觉得自己是错的。最后，我要背的东西越来越多，我总是不能牢固的记住准确的知识点，以至于我的成绩一直不好。 First, in English aspect, the study content have been many, I am frequently wrong the word back.Next, mathematics is my difficult problem as before, I cannot very good understanding some algorithms, always think oneself is wrong.Finally, I must carry the thing are more and more many, I always cannot & a这里的人很热情 Here person is very warm & a他总是鼓励他 He always encourages him & a我们这里很冷 Our here very cold & aA big speedboat came around a bend in the river. 一只大高速游艇在河来了一个弯。 & a上个星期六，他们参加了班级郊外野餐。我们准备许多好吃的食物，每一个人都很高兴 Last Saturday, they attended the class and grade suburb picnic.We prepare many delicious foods, each people very are all happy & a许多人在小时候就会被大人要求有好的习惯，但有一些人即使被要求，也没有做好。 正在翻译，请等待...
& a显著发展 Remarkable development & a尊敬的冯老师 正在翻译，请等待...
& a在我彷徨迷途时，是你及时为我指明了方向 Paces back and forth the wrong path when me, was you has promptly indicated the direction for me & abox office battle 票房争斗 & aWhat is a good word panic? 什么是好消息恐慌？ & a之后，我参阅大量的书籍、资料，如 正在翻译，请等待...
& aYou can check with Ruben 您能检查与Ruben & a光彩夺目 Brilliant & awith out love,everyting is in vain 正在翻译，请等待...
& a3D智能问答旅游咨询员 3D intelligence question and answer traveling consultant & a毕业论文入选中山大学优秀毕业论文 The graduation thesis is selected Zhongshan University outstanding graduation thesis & a我的爸爸和妈妈都是老师 我的爸爸和妈妈都是老师 & a仍骰子 Still dice & a请你原谅我
我配不上你
咱两分手吧 Asks you to forgive my me not to can be joined to your us two to bid good-bye & a不问计算机,我没法知道 Does not ask the computer, I have no way to know
& a英语老师说英国英语还是美国英语没有太大不同 正在翻译，请等待...
& aheal thy and soft skin 愈合thy和软的皮肤 & a偶尔怀念一下 Occasionally fondly remembers & aThe stars of the Zhejiang Wuhan Appliance Marketing Company Limited zhejiang Wuhan Appliance Marketing被限制的Company的星 & ayou should look,then cross the road. 您应该看，然后穿过路。 & a我有什么可以帮助你的？ What do I have to be possible to help you? & a我的阅读速度很慢也缺乏方法指导 My reading speed is very slow also lacks the method instruction
& a在学校安排下前往香港，在香港东区东院实习及香港尤德夫人那打素医院观摩实习 Goes to Hong Kong under the school arrangement, east the area the courtyard practice and Hong Kong Madame Youde that dozen element hospital observes and emulates the practice east Hong Kong & a学会坚强，开心过好每一天 The academic society is strong, happy good every one day & a查賬 Auditing accounts & a我司将会追究法律责任 I will take charge of can investigate the legal liability & a由12种人a干扰素亚型基因构建杂交库，采用高通量筛选技术，从10多万个克隆中筛选到了高活性新型蛋白 Constructs the mixed delivery to storehouse by 12 kind of person a interferon hypotype gene, uses the high flux screening technology, screened from more than 10 ten thousand clones to the high-activity new protein & asustainability agents follows the action learning approach developed by reginald revans action learning avoids putting participants in paralles,disconnected and theoretical learning environment. 能持续力代理跟随行动学会reginald revans行动学会开发的方法避免投入参加者在paralles，被分开的和理论学习环境。 & aThe ‘why’ is that metrics are needed for a number of possible reasons `为什么’是度规为一定数量可能的原因是需要的 & a所以生活中我们要隐藏自己的信息，不轻易外泄。应该把人身安全放在第一位 Therefore in the life we must hide own information, outside releases not easily.Should place the personal safety first我来做好事。我来传英语翻译
卡拉朗13。她住在美国缅因州上周四，她没去学校，马萨诸塞州波士顿。她去工作，而不是与她的父亲。每年，在四月的第四个星期四，数百万的年轻女孩去工作。这是带女儿去上班日。我的女孩之间的9和15岁。他们在工作中度过一天，一个成年人，通常是一个母亲，父亲，姑姑，或叔叔。他们到办事处，派出所，实验室和其他地方，他们的父母或其他家庭成员的工作。明年，这一天将包括儿子了。&基金会的女士，一个妇女组织，开始了大约十年前的程序。在美国，许多妇女在家庭之外工作。该基金会希望女孩女士了解许多不同种类的工作了。然后，当女孩长大了，他们可以选择自己喜欢的工作。&卡拉的父亲是一位电影导演。卡拉说：&这是非常令人兴奋的我去和我爸爸的工作室。我看见有很多人做不同的工作。&许多企业都因为在这一天女童的特别活动。去年，卡拉去工作和她一起在马萨诸塞州大学的姑姑。在工程部门，女孩学会了用牙签和糖果建造的桥梁。在化学系，他们学会了用秤。他们学到了很多其他类型的工作了。&目前，卡拉不知道会有什么样的工作，她当她长大。但由于带女儿去上班日，她知道她h2Ls许多选择。
神经嫌犯（嫌疑犯）锁定在英国的最新警察局可以放心了一个愉快的门上的黄色色彩。如果他们接近供认犯罪的，墙上的蓝色可能打破平衡。&格温特警方已放弃，如灰色和20世纪的警察细胞（牢房）棕色的颜色，并用它们来装饰色彩心理学。&伊斯特拉德Mynach站，最近在一万元的费用5英镑的开放，拥有4个犯人患有幽闭恐惧症谁（幽闭恐怖症）玻璃门细胞。设计师所描绘的框架黄色，研究人员说是一个平静的颜色。其它细胞中含有的皇家蓝线，因为心理学家认为，色彩是可能鼓励真实性。&该站有31个包括有&现场扫描&系统，醉酒或扰乱囚犯，可以监测到的上升和下降12细胞的胸部。如果警报警示人员囚犯的呼吸停止和振铃，直到门被打开进行。设计师和心理学家们在彩色年工作。建议说，蓝色是信任，效率，责任，逻辑，冷静，思维和冷静。这也表明冷淡和不友好。据认为，强有力的蓝调会刺激清楚的思想，更轻巧，柔和的色彩将心静和援助浓度。&黄河是联系在一起的自信，自尊和友爱。使色彩错误的，它可以引起恐惧，抑郁和焦虑，但合适的黄色能够鼓舞精神和自我的尊重。&英格里德科林斯，心理学家谁在专业色彩的效果，他说，色彩是一个&能源力量&。她说：&蓝并加强沟通，但我不敢肯定它会提高真实的沟通。&&黄色，她说，受影响的头脑。红色，另一方面，这不应该被视为侵略，因为这可能会增加。柯林斯太太称赞使用的细胞颜色的设计者。格温特并不是第一个英国队在与色彩实验冷静下来或说服囚犯合作。在20世纪90年代在斯特拉思克莱德警方使用上进行了由美国海军研究的基础细胞的粉红色。
爱荷华州的高中辅导员接到了一个电话，抗议母公司的&C&，她的孩子在收到转让。 &家长说的每一点在文章中回忆说：&辅导员，谁很快明白了为什么母亲对我是如此失望等级。 &这显然是她写的。 &
在一项调查中，90新教师％同意参与其子女的教育父母是在他们的学校优先，但只有25％的描述他们的经验与家长的工作&非常满意。&当被要求选择我最大的挑战，他们的脸，其中31％涉及报价父母和他们沟通作为他们的首选。 73％的教师表示，新的太多父母对待学校和教师的敌人。
在比赛的时候正在上升，资源是有限的，当在试验力战学校调整其优先事项，当手机和电子邮件加快信息流动和私人鬼和各种公共争吵到家长教师滑发布会上，它的困难，双方退一步，深呼吸，看看他们的目标份额。
83&大家都说家长教师会议应该是愉快，文明，对话，那里的家长和老师建立伙伴关系。但大多数老师的感受，肯定是所有父母的感觉，是焦虑和恐慌。
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品评校花校草，体验校园广场大家一起来找错，前100篇，我有标准翻译，便于自己找错，计划在100篇以后每天翻译cnn头条。大家鼓励一下，我会坚持的。
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每天一篇翻译： Some of the concerns(涉及到,关系到) surrounding Turkey’s application to join the European Union, to be voted on by the EU’s Council of Ministers on December 17th, are economic-in particular, the country’s relative poverty. Its GDP per head is less than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004 member of the EU. But it is not far off that of one of the ten new members which joined on May 1st 2004 (Latvia), and it is much the same as those of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded(结束) accession（就职，就任） talks with the EU that could make them full member on January 1st 2007. Furthermore, the country’s recent economic process has been, according to Donald Johnston, the secretary-general of the OECD, “stunning”. GDP in the second quarter of the year was 13.4% higher than a year earlier, a rate of growth that no EU country comes close to matching. Turkey’s inflation rate has just fallen into single figures for the first time since 1972, and this week the country reached an agreement with the IMF on a new three-years, $10 billion economic
programme that will, according to the IMF’s managing director, Rodrigo Rato, “help Turkey…reduce inflation toward European levels, and enhance the economy’s resilience”. Resilience has not his historically been the country’s economic strong point. As recently as 2001, GDP fell by over 7%. It fell by more than 5% in 1994, and by just under 5% in 1999. Indeed, throughout（遍及，贯穿） the 1990s growth oscillated（震荡） like an electrocardiogram（心电图） recording a violent（强烈的） heart attack. This irregularity（不规律，无规则） has been one of the main reasons (along with red tape and corruption) why the country has failed dismally（阴暗的、沉闷的） to attract much-needed foreign direct investment（投资）. Its stock of such investment (as a percentage of GDP) is lower now than it was in the 1980s, and annual inflows have scarcely ever reached $1 billion (whereas Ireland attracted over $25 billion in 2003, as did Brazil in every year from 1998 to 2000). One deterrent（威慑） to foreign investors is due to disappear on the January 1st 2005. On that day, Turkey will take away the right of virtually（实事上，实际上） every one of its citizens to call themselves a millionaire. Six noughts（零） will be removed from the face value of the lira, one unit of the local currency will henceforth（从此以后） be worth what 1m is now----ie, about &# ($0.70). goods will have to be priced in both the new and old lira for the whole of the year, but foreign bankers and investors can begin to look forward to a time in Turkey when they will do longer have to juggle mentally（精神上、内心的） with indeterminate（不确定，模糊的） strings（一串，一行） of zeros.
翻译如下 12月17日，欧盟首脑委员会就一些涉及到土耳其加入欧盟的申请进行了投票，特别是经济方面和这个国家的贫穷问题。土耳其的人均GDP少于欧盟15个国家2004年平均GDP的三分之一。但是它和日新加入欧盟的十个成员国之一（拉脱维亚）相差不远，它和即将成为欧盟正式成员国的保加利亚和罗马尼亚相差不大，这个星期这两个国家结束了和欧盟的加入谈判，将于2007年一月成为欧盟的正式成员国。
而且用经济合作与发展组织秘书长的话来说，这个国家最近的经济状况非常的良好。第二个季度的GDP增长比第一个季度高出13.4%，其增长速度没有一个欧盟国家能够比拟。土耳其的通货膨胀率最近降到了个位数，自1972年来。这个星期土耳其和国际货币基金组织达成了一个三年100亿美元的经济计划。国际货币基金组织的执行长官Rodrigo Rato说：“帮助土耳其降低通货膨胀风险到欧盟水平和提高其经济弹性。
从历史上看，经济弹性并不是土耳其的经济强项。直到最近2001年，GOP下降了7%。比1994年下降了5%，比1999年还要少5%。当然，90年代的经济震荡就好像一个心脏病人的心电图记录一样强烈。这种不规律是他们对于外国直接投资缺少吸引力的一个主要原因（和红色磁带、贪污腐败）。投资（在GDP中的百分率）的股票价格比80年代还要低，每年投资额度几乎没有10亿美元。（反之，爱尔兰在2003年吸引投资达到250亿美元，布扎拉维从1998年到2000年也是一样）
对于外国投资者的一个威胁在日应该消失了。在那天，土耳其将去除每个市民都称自己为百万富翁的权力。六个零将从里拉的实际价值中移出，一个统一的基础流通货币将是1m兑0.53欧元（0.70美元）。在这一年所有的商品将标上新货币价格和旧里拉两种价格，银行家和游客们可以开始期盼在不久的将来在土耳其他们不用为不确定一串一串的零而内心受折磨了。
Some of the concerns(涉及到,关系到) surrounding Turkey’s application to join the European Union, to be voted on by the EU’s Council of Ministers on December 17th, are economic-in particular, the country’s relative poverty. 12月17日，欧盟首脑委员会就一些涉及到土耳其加入欧盟的申请进行了投票，特别是经济方面和这个国家的贫穷问题。 --------------------------------------------------- 翻譯時不要硬跟英文原文的句子結構，重新安排一下頭兩句怎安排吧，而且你的翻譯裡有部份誤解了原文的意思。 其他的不看了，你先好好想下怎好這一段吧。
嗯~谢谢，我觉得关键是坚持~ 土耳其加入欧盟的申请在12月7日在欧盟首脑委员会上进行表决，特别是这个国家的贫困问题。
第一句，原句结构是：Some of the concerns are economic. 译文恐怕走样太多。 另外，to be voted 也不是“进行了投票”。 第二句，pre-2004 member of the EU 指的是2004年欧盟扩大之前原有的15个成员国，和GDP是哪年的没有一丁点关系。 for the first time since 1972 译出来就是“……，自1972年来”？ IMF头头讲的话前面那个&that will&哪去了？ 后面的就不看了……
Some of the concerns surrounding Turkey’s application to join the European Union, to be voted on by the EU’s Council of Ministers on December 17th, are economic-in particular, the country’s relative poverty. --------------------------------------------------------------- 如果把原句分清楚，寫成這樣，你或者會更好的理解和翻譯： Some of the concerns surrounding Turkey’s application to join the European Union are economic-in particular, the country’s relative poverty. The application is to be voted on by the EU’s Council of Ministers on December 17th.
是的，翻译的错误很多~~所以还要请大家多多指教~ to be voted该是“将进行投票” 第二句：它的人均GDP还不到2004年前欧盟15个国家的人均GDP的三分之一。 国际货币基金组织的执行长官Rodrigo Rato说：“这个计划将帮助土耳其降低通货膨胀风险到欧盟水平和提高其经济弹性。
土耳其加入欧盟的申请将于12月17号在欧盟首脑会上进行表决，围绕该申请的一些问题将进行集中讨论，特别是该国的贫困问题。
如果未習慣前，看到較複雜的句子，應先懂得怎把句子割開，然後適當地把它們重新接合，這樣便沒那麼容易理解錯誤和減少混亂。
作者：thoughtfeng 回复日期： 21:50:31
土耳其加入欧盟的申请将于12月17号在欧盟首脑会上进行表决，围绕该申请的一些问题将进行集中讨论，特别是该国的贫困问题。 這樣比較好些，而且也把之前日子的錯誤糾正了。
我练习了不少长难句~可是翻译并没有那么简单~ 所以还得慢慢来~
土耳其的通货膨胀率最近降到了个位数，自1972年来。 可以组织一下,如下： 自1972年来，土耳其的通货膨胀率第一次降到了个位数以下。
It fell by more than 5% in 1994, and by just under 5% in 1999. 1994年起下降幅度超过5%，1999年刚好低于5%。
补充一下：前一百篇文章，全部来自《考研英语100篇》，我手上还有本石春桢的220篇，不过没有标准翻译~先翻译完这100篇，所有的原文均是我事先录入的，然后在翻译的，我发现英文录入对于句型也是个把握的过程。
red tape 该是 官僚作风。。。。我完全不知道这个意思。 Its stock of such investment (as a percentage of GDP) is lower now than it was in the 1980s, and annual inflows have scarcely ever reached $1 billion (whereas Ireland attracted over $25 billion in 2003, as did Brazil in every year from 1998 to 2000). 这个句子基本上算是翻译错误了。
Charlie Bell became chief executive of McDonald’s in April. Within a month doctors told him that he had colorectal cancer. After stockmarket hours on November 22nd, the fast-food firm
it would need a third boss in under a year. Yet when the market opened, its share price barely dipped then edged higher. After all, Mcdonald’s had, again, shown how to act swiftly and decisively in appointing a new boss. Mr Bell himself got the top job when Jim Cantalupo died of heart attack hours before he was due to address a convention of Mcdonald’s franchisees. Mr Cantalupo was a Mcdonald’s veteran brought out of retirement in January 2003 to help remodel the firm after sales began falling because of dirty restaurants, indifferent service and growing concern about junk food. He devised a recovery plan, backed by massive marketing, and promoted Mr Bell to chief operating officer. When Mr cantalupo died, a rapidly convened board confirmed Mr Bell, a 44-year-old Australian already widely seen as his her apparent, in the top job. The convention got its promised chief executive’s address, from the firm’s first non-American leader. Yet within weeks executive had to think what to do if Mr Bell become too ill to continue. Perhaps Mr Bell had the same thing on his mind: he usually introduced Jim Skinner, the 60-year-old vice-chairman, to visitors as the “steady hand at the wheel”. Now Mr Skinner, an expert on the firm’s overseas operations, becomes chief executive, and Mike Roberts, head of its American operations, joins the board as chief operating officer. Is Mr Roberts now the new heir apparent? Maybe. Mcdonald’s has brought in supposedly healthier choices such as salads and toasted sandwichs worldwide and, instead of relying for most of its growth on opening new restaurants, has turned to upgrading its 31000 existing ones. America h under Mr Roberts, like-for-like sales there were up by 7.5% in October on a year early. The new team’s task is to keep the revitalization plan on course, especially overseas, where some American brands(牌子,商标) are said to face political hostility from consumer. This is a big challenge. Is an in-house succession the best way to tackle it? Mr Skinner and Mr Roberts are both company veterans, having joined in the 1970s. Some recent academic studied find that the planed succession of a new boss groomed from within, such as Mr Bell and now (arguably) Mr Roberts, produces better results than looking hastily, or outside, for one. Mcdonald’s smooth handling of its serial misfortunes at the top certainly seems to prove the point. Even so, everyone at Mcdonald’s must be hoping that it will be a long time before the firm faces yet another such emergency(紧急情况,突然事件).
翻译： Charlie Bell 在四月份成为了麦当劳的执行主席。在他接任这个位置后不到一个月，医生就告诉他，他患上了直肠癌。在11月22日股市开盘后不久，麦当劳就宣布了他辞职的消息，这就以为着麦当劳在一年之内需要换第三个老板了。麦当劳再次显示了它如何快速而果断地任命新老板的能力。
当Jim Cantalupo因为心脏病去世后几个小时，bell先生就迅速的当上了麦当劳的执行主席该归结于麦当劳公司的惯例。Cantalupo是一位已经退休经验丰富的麦当劳经理人，当麦当劳因为餐厅环境脏、服务冷淡以及对于垃圾食品关注程度的上升等因素，业绩下滑的时候，他在2003年一月临危受命，帮助公司从新塑造形象。他进行了一系列改革计划，包括强有力的市场运作，提升bell先生为首席运营主席。当Cantalupo先生去世后，公司迅速召集了44岁的澳大利亚人bell先生，实际上之前他已经被广泛的认为是Cantalupo先生的接班人。会议证实了传统，bell先生被任命为首席执行主席，他是麦当劳的一个非美籍主席。
然而在数个星期之内就不得不考虑如果bell先生因病而不能继续该怎么办。也许bell先生也在考虑同样的问题：他常常在向来宾介绍60岁的副主席Jim Skinner说：“他是个有利的帮手。”现在，Mr Skinner，公司的海外运营专家，变成了公司的主席，美国运营部的老板Mike Rorberts提升为总公司的主要管理人员之一。
现在，Roberts先生是不是现在主席的继承人呢？也许吧。麦当劳准备把其宣称更健康的萨拉和寿司三明治带到全世界，用以代替之前靠不断增加连锁店的增长方式，并压缩现在的31000家餐厅。这个美国人在这个方面做得不错，在Roberts先生的带领下，今年十月份达到了增长7.5%。
新团队的任务就是保证改革计划能够能够顺利的进行，尤其是海外。一些美国品牌的商品面临来自消费者的政治敌意。这是一个巨大的挑战。内部继承是不是应对这些的最好方法呢？Skinner先生和Roberts先生都是70年加入公司的，有着非常丰富的运营经验。最近一些机构研究发现公司内部培养一个继承人，比草率的寻找或在外面聘请要好,例如Bell先生和现在的Roberts先生（正如看到的那样）就是例子。麦当劳平稳的处理好其连续的高层不幸看起来是非常好的证明。虽然如此，每一个麦当劳还是不希望这种紧急情况经常发生。
After stockmarket hours on November 22nd 这句该是在22日股市下市后不久。 Mr Bell himself got the top job when Jim Cantalupo died of heart attack hours before he was due to address a convention of Mcdonald’s franchisees. 贝尔先生本人是在吉姆先生死于心脏病突发之后得到这一高层职位的。当时吉姆先生正准备几个小时后在麦当劳的特许经销商会议上致词。 When Mr cantalupo died, a rapidly convened board confirmed Mr Bell, a 44-year-old Australian already widely seen as his her apparent, in the top job cantalupo先生去世后，董事会很快开会确认任命贝尔先生为公司领导人的人选，贝尔先生44岁，澳大利亚人，早就被公认为公司的继承人。 steady hand at the wheel 掌舵能手 has turned to upgrading its 31000 existing ones. 开始关注先用31000家连锁店的经营情况。 America h under Mr Roberts, like-for-like sales there were up by 7.5% in October on a year early. 美国在这方面做得不错，10月份同期增长了7.5%。 (arguably) （还未最终宣布） Even so, everyone at Mcdonald’s must be hoping that it will be a long time before the firm faces yet another such emergency 即便如此，麦当劳上下一定还是希望不要在近期又面临这类紧急情况。
楼主把这一百篇翻完了,英译汉肯定能入门了.
作者：hzzasdf 回复日期： 01:43:01
楼主把这一百篇翻完了,英译汉肯定能入门了 呵呵~谢谢鼓励~
楼主是哪里找的？
作者：橙色丁丁 回复日期： 22:05:27
楼主是哪里找的？ -------------------------------------------------- 这些都是2007年考研英语资料上面的文章。
The annual(一年一次的, 每年的) review of American company board practices by Korn/Ferry, a firm of headhunters, is a useful indicator(指示) of the health of corporate governance. This year’s review, published on November 12th, shows that the Sarbanes-Oxley act, passed in 2002 to try to prevent a repeat of corporate collapses(崩溃) such as Enron’s and WorldCom’s, has had an impact(冲击,影响) on the boardroom-albeit at an average implementation(执行) cost that Korn/Ferry estimates(估计) at $5.1m per firm. Two years ago, only 41% of American firms said they regularly held meetings of directors without their chief E this year the figure was 93%. But some things have been surprisingly unaffected by the backlash(后座) against corporate scandals(丑闻). For example, despite(虽然,不论) a growing feeling that former chief Executives should not sit on their company’s board, the percentage of American firms where they do has actually edged up, from 23% in 2003 to 25% in 2004. Also, disappointingly few firm have split the jobs of chairman and chief executive. Another survey of American boards published this week, by A.T.Kearney, a firm of consultants, found that in 2002 14% of the boards of S&P 500 firms had separated the roles, and a further 16% said they planned to do so. But by 2004 only 23% overall had taken the plunge. A survey earlier in the year by consultants at McKinsey found that 70% of American directors and investor supported the idea of splitting the jobs, which is standard practice in Europe. Another disappointment is the slow progress in abolishing “staggered” boards-ones where only one-third of the directors are up for reelection each year, to three-year terms. Invented as a defence against takeover, such boards, according to a new Harvard Law School study by Lucian Bebchuk and Alma Cohen, are unambiguously “associated with an economically significant reduction in firm value”. Despite this, the percentage of S&P 500 firms with staggered boards has fallen only slightly-from 63% in 2001 to 60% in 2003, according to the Investor Responsibility Research Centre. And many of those firms that have been forced by shareholders to abolish the system are doing so only slowly. Merck, a pharmaceutical company in trouble over the possible side-effects of its arthritis drug Vioxx, is allowing its directors to run their full them before introducing a system in which they are all reelected (or otherwise) annually. Other companies’ staggered boards are entrenched in their corporate charters, which cannot be amended by a shareholders’ vote. Anyone who expected the scandals of 2001 to bring about rapid change in the balance of power between managers and owners was, at best, naïve.
翻译如下： ------------------------------------------------------------------- Korn/Ferry,一个猎头公司，推出的美国董事会年度回顾总结，对于公司的健康管理是一个有用的指示。11月12日发表的本年度总结显示2002年通过的Sarbanes-Oxley法案对董事会有一定的影响，该法案主要是为了防止像Enron和WorldCom公司突然倒闭这类事件。Korn/Ferry估计这项法案的执行成本平均每个公司510万美元。
两年以前，只有41%的公司说他们在没有首席执行官在的时候经常举行董事会，今天这个数字已经达到了93%。但是，令人惊讶的是，公司丑闻事件并没有什么改变。例如，虽然对于首席执行官留在董事会的反对情绪日渐升高，但是这种情况不但没有减少，实际上还增加了，从2003年的23%到2005年的25%。
同样令人失望的是几乎没有公司把董事会主席和首席执行官这两个职务分开。顾问公司A.T.Kearney发表的另外一份美国董事会调查这个星期发表，该调查显示在2002年，S&P的500家公司中，只有14%把这两个职务分开了，大约有16%的公司说他们计划将这两个职务分开。但是在2004年，所有的公司中只有23%采取了行动。顾问公司McKinsey今年早些时候的一个调查发现，70%的董事和投资者支持将这两个工作分开，这在欧洲已经是一个标准。
另外一个令人失望的问题是，在废除交错的董事会组成方面进展缓慢，董事的任期是三年，每年只有三分之一的董事改选。根据哈佛大学法学院的Lucian Bebchuk和Alma Cohen最近的研究表明，董事会的轮换对于公司的价值有很大的影响。
尽管如此，通过投资者责任研究中心的数据，S&P的500家公司中从2001年到2003年，董事会交错现象仅从63%降到60%。许多公司由于受股东的威胁而在废除这个制度方面进展缓慢。一家陷入关节炎药副作用麻烦的制药公司Merck，在实行一年全部改选之前，其董事会一直全权管理整个公司。由于不能够通过股东会的投票，一些公司一直不能改变交错的董事会的情况。任何人期望在2001年在所有者和管理者之间的权力均衡发生快速转变，都显得太过天真。
呵呵，飞过的痕迹说得很好，并且楼主第一篇文章还有很多需要去进一步修改，特别是细小的地方，如relative等词，既然英文里有了，又不是纯粹多余的成分，最好在汉文里也体现出来，才能保持一致，不走样，最后还要注意一下中文的表达习惯，那是翻译较后的步骤了。 一开始多译一点，可能是一件好事。但如果有了几篇译文之后，建议还是少而精得好，把翻译中真正的问题找到并将之克服。否则，错误未改又添新错，得不偿失。 这也是说给我自己的听的。共勉吧。
作者：lawyerbar 回复日期： 23:54:11
呵呵，飞过的痕迹说得很好，并且楼主第一篇文章还有很多需要去进一步修改，特别是细小的地方，如relative等词，既然英文里有了，又不是纯粹多余的成分，最好在汉文里也体现出来，才能保持一致，不走样，最后还要注意一下中文的表达习惯，那是翻译较后的步骤了。 一开始多译一点，可能是一件好事。但如果有了几篇译文之后，建议还是少而精得好，把翻译中真正的问题找到并将之克服。否则，错误未改又添新错，得不偿失。 这也是说给我自己的听的。共勉吧。 -------------------------------------------------------------- 谢谢你的建议 ~我会慢慢改正的~ 不过每天的翻译还是得继续~ 呵呵~ 这是个慢慢积累的过程~我们一起努力~~^_^
But some things have been surprisingly unaffected by the backlash(后座) against corporate scandals(丑闻). 但是，令人惊讶的是，公司丑闻事件并没有什么改变。 标准：不过令人惊讶的是，公司丑闻引起的民众不满情绪并没有改变某些现状。 For example, despite(虽然,不论) a growing feeling that former chief Executives should not sit on their company’s board 例如，虽然越来越多的人认为前任总裁不应该留在董事会里 which is standard practice in Europe. 在欧洲这已经是一个行业标准。 Another disappointment is the slow progress in abolishing “staggered” boards-ones where only one-third of the directors are up for reelection each year, to three-year terms. 另一件令人失望的事情就是在废除“交错董事会任期制”方面进展缓慢--所谓交错董事会任期制，就是每年只改选三分之一的董事，每一届董事的任期是三年。 Invented as a defence against takeover, such boards, according to a new Harvard Law School study by Lucian Bebchuk and Alma Cohen, are unambiguously “associated with an economically significant reduction in firm value”. 依据ucian Bebchuk和Alma Cohen最新的一份哈佛商学院研究，这种为了防止公司权利争夺二发明的董事会制度显然和公司价值的显著下降有关。
And many of those firms that have been forced by shareholders to abolish the system are doing so only slowly. 许多公司被董事施压要求放弃这一制度，但是进展缓慢。 Merck, a pharmaceutical company in trouble over the possible side-effects of its arthritis drug Vioxx, is allowing its directors to run their full them before introducing a system in which they are all reelected (or otherwise) annually. 现在开始允许其董事任期直到届满，之后才引入一个每年重选所有董事的制图。
Other companies’ staggered boards are entrenched in their corporate charters, which cannot be amended by a shareholders’ vote. 其他公司的交错董事任期的董事会是由公司规定的，不能由股东投票改变
Most economists hate gold. Not, you understand, that they would turn up their noses at a bar or two. But they find ten reverence in which many hold the metal almost irrational. That it was used as money for millennia is irrelevant: it isn’t any more. Modern money takes the form of paper or, more often, electronic data. To economists, gold is now just another commodity.
So why is its price soaring? Over the past week, this has topped $450 a troy ounce, up by 9% since the beginning of the year and 77% since Aril 2001. Ah, comes the reply, gold transaction are denominated in dollars, and the rise in the price simply reflects the dollar’s fall in terms of other currencies, especially the euro, against which it hit a new low this week. Expressed in euros, the gold price has moved much less. However, there is no iron link, as it were, between the value of the dollar and the value of gold. A rising price of gold, like that of anything else, can reflect an increase in demand as well as a depreciation of its unit of account.
This is where gold bulls come in. the fall in the dollar is important, but mainly because as a store of value the dollar stinks. With a few longish rallies, the greenback has been on a downward trend since it came off the gold standard in 1971. Now it is suffering one of its sharper declines. At the margin, extra demand has come from those who think dollars—indeed any money backed by nothing more than promise to keep inflation low---a decidedly risky investment, mainly because America, with the world’s reserve currency, has been able to create and borrow so many of them. The least painful way of repaying those dollars is to make them worth less.
The striking exception to this extra demand comes from central banks, which would like to sell some of the gold they already have. As a legacy of the days when their currencies were backed by the metal, central banks still hold one-fifth of the world’s gold. Last month the Bank of France said it would sell 500 tonnes in coming years. But big sales by central banks can cause the price to plunge—as when the bank of England sold 395 tonnes between 1999 and 2002. The result was an agreement between central banks to co-ordinate and limit future sales.
If the price of gold marches higher, this agreement will presumably be ripped up, although a dollar crisis might make central banks think twice about switching into paper money. Will the overhang of central-bank gold drag the price down again? Not necessarily. As James Grant, gold bug and publisher of Grant’s Interest Rate Observer, a newsletter, points out, in recent years the huge glut of government debt has not stopped a sharp rise in its price.
大多数的经济学家讨厌黄金。你知道的，他们并不是瞧不上这一两块黄金。但是他们发现人们对这种金属有失去理性的尊重。这和黄金被作为货币使用了几千年是不相关的：何况那已是过去。现代货币的形式是纸币，还经常使用电子货币。对于经济学家来说，现在黄金仅仅是另外一种商品而已。
那么为什么黄金的价格要一直看涨呢？在过去的几个星期，黄金的价格涨到了每一盎司450美元，比今年初涨了7%，比2001年4月涨了77%。噢，答案出来了，黄金的交易是以美元为基础的，其价格的上涨反映了没有在流通领域的贬值，特别是在对欧元上，这个星期其汇率跌到了一个新的最低点。用欧元来做基础来交易黄金，其价格波动会小很多。然而可以这样说，在美元和黄金的价值之间并没有铁的联系。就像其他东西一样，黄金价格的升高能够反应其需求量的升高和其计量货币的贬值。
黄金的走俏，美元的贬值是一个重要的原因，但是最主要是因为美元作为储藏手段已经过时。1971年美元和金本位脱离，经过一个小短时间的坚挺后，美钞就一直走低。现在更是饱受快速贬值之苦。另外，额外的需求来自于那些认为认为美元是危险的投资的人们（确实其仅仅只承诺保持较低的通货膨胀率），当美元作为世界货币非常坚挺的时候，他们借入了大笔的美元，希望能够升值，现在偿还这笔钱的最好办法就是使其贬值。
其他期望来自于中央银行，他们希望能够卖掉一些他们拥有的黄金。在黄金作为保值手段的日子里，中央银行现在还拥有全世界五分之一的黄金。上个月，法国中央银行说他们在来年将卖掉500吨黄金。但是大量的甩卖黄金会引起价格的波动，就好像在1999年和2002年之间英格兰银行卖395吨黄金一样。波动的结果是在中央银行之间达成协议，限制将来的黄金售出量。
如果黄金价格持续走高的话，这个协议也许会被取消，虽然美元危机可能会让中央银行从新考虑转换为纸币。在这种情况下，黄金的价格会不会再次下降呢？不必。正如 黄金价格观测和研究者James Grant的一篇通讯里面指出的：最近几年，政府的巨额债务并没有使疯长的黄金价格下降。
Open-outcry trading is supposed to be quaint, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced be sleeker, cheaper electronic systems. Try telling that to the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), the world’s largest commodities exchange. On November 1st the NYMEX opened an open-outcry pit in Dublin to handle Brent crude futures, the benchmark contact for pricing two-thirds of the world’s oil.
The NYMEX is trying to snatch liquidity from London’s International Petroleum Exchange (IPE), which trades the most B the New York exchange has hitherto concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, an American benchmark grade. The new pit is a response to the IPE’s efforts to modernise. On the same day as NYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPE did away with its morning open-outcry session: now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch.
The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds or energy companies, prefer open-outcry because it allows for more liquidity. Although most other exchanges are handing in the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from “local”—self-employed traders—is helping to prop up open-outcry, although some reckon that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems. Even the IPE has no plans to abolish its floor. Only last month it signed a lease, lasting until 2011, for its trading floor in London.
Dublin’s new bit is “showing promise”, says Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man Financial, despite a few technical glitches. On its first day it handled 5726 lots of Brent (each lot, or contract, is 1000 barrels), over a third of the volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session. By the year’s end, predicts Mr Laughlin, it should be clear whether the venture will be viable. It would stand a better chance if it moved to London. It may yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain.
Ultimately, having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable. Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task. Eurex, Europe’s largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago Board of Trade. It has made little headway. And the NYMEX has dabbled in Brent contracts before, without success.
Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not band together? There have been merger talks before, and something might yet happen. Some say that the freewheeling NYMEX and the more staid IPE could never mix. For now, in any case, the two exchanges will slug it out—across the Irish Sea as well as across the Atlantic.
公开叫价交易猜想起来一种奇怪、过时的方法，快速的被更时髦更便宜的电子系统所取代。世界上最大的商品交易市场，纽约商品交易市场却不这么认为。在11月1日，NYMEX在Dublin交易所对brent原油期货进行公开叫价交易，brent原油期货是世界上三分之二原油的定价基础。
纽约商品交易所正试图在抢伦敦国际石油交易所的生意，伦敦石油交易所拥有世界上大部分brent原油交易量，纽约交易所之前把注意力都放在美国定价标准的西德克萨斯州上。新的交易所是对伦敦石油交易所在交易现代化上作的努力的回应。同一天，当NYMEX的交易员们在Dublin高喊Brent石油价格的时候，IPE结束了上午实行的公开叫价交易制度：现在的类似交易必须是电子交易，或者在午饭时间后才能公开叫价交易。
纽约交易所对其顾客宣称，像Hedge funds和能源公司更加喜欢公开叫价交易，因为他们照顾多了更多的流动资金。虽然大部分的交易所正在取消公开叫价交易方式，但是在纽约交易所，公开叫价交易方式得到了自营商的支持，虽然据估计，通过公开叫价方式的交易费用可能是电子系统的五倍。基本是伦敦交易所也没有打算放弃公开叫价交易方式，上个月他们刚刚签订合约，使伦敦的交易所大厅延续到2011年。
Man financial 交易所的交易员Rob Laughlin说，虽然有一些小的技术故障，但是Dublin的新交易所正在“展露头角”。在其第一天，其Brent交易量达到了5726手（每一手就是一份合约，相当于1000桶），相当于IPE上午电子系统交易量的三分之一。Laughlin先生所，到年底就能知道这次投机能否见到成效。如果搬到伦敦，可能这是一个更好的机会。也会最后会搬到伦敦：最开始在爱尔兰，因为在爱尔兰比在伦敦能够更快的获得批准。
考虑到流动资金对于交易所的重要性，为什么IPE和NYMEX不合并到一起呢？以前他们也有过合并谈判，也许是时机未到吧。有人说随心所欲的NYMEX和相对平静的IPE永远都不会合并到一起。现在，无论如何，这两家公司都将决战到底，战场横跨爱尔兰海和大西洋。
Thanks to slumping markets, investment banks are shedding many of their highly-paid trader. When markets recover, the banks might be tempted to replace them with rather cheaper talent. One alternative has been around for a while but has yet to catch on: autonomous trading agents—computers programmed to act like the human version without such pesky costs as holidays, lunch breaks or bonuses. Program trading has, of course, some blamed the 1987 stockmarket crash on computers instructed with simple decision-making rules. But robots can be smarter than that.
Dave cliff, a researcher at Hewlett-Packed Laboratories in Bristol, England, has been creating trading robots for seven years. In computer simulations he lets them evolve “genetically”, and so allows them to adapt and fit models of real-world financial markets. His experiments have suggested that redesign of some markets could lead to greater efficiency. Last year, a research group at IBM showed that Mr Cliff’s artificial traders could consistently beat the human variety, in various kinds of market. Nearly all take the shape of an auction. One well-known type is the England auction, familiar to patrons of the salesrooms of christie’s and Sotheby’s, where sellers keep mum on their offer price, and buyer increase their bids by stages until one remains.
At the other extreme is the Dutch auction, familiar 17th-century tulip-traders in the Netherlands as well as to bidders for American Treasury bonds. Here, buyers remain silent, and a seller reduces his price until it is accepted. Most markets for shares, commodities, foreign exchange and derivatives are a hybrid of there two types: buyers and sellers can announce their bid or offer prices at any time, and deals are constantly being closed, a so-called “continuous double auction”.
Mr cliff’s novel idea was to apply his evolutionary computer programs to marketplaces themselves. Why not, he thought, try and see what types of auction would let traders converge most quickly towards an equilibrium price? The results were surprising. In his models, auctions that let buyers and sellers bid at any time like most of today’s financial exchanges were less efficient than ones that required relatively more bids from either buyers or sellers. These “evolved auctions” also withstood big market shocks, such as crashes and panics, better than today’s real-world versions. Mr Cliff’s most recent results, which will be presented in Sydney, Australia, on December 10th, show that the best type of auction for any market depends crucially on even slight differences in the number of buyers and sellers.
Banks of America has been investigating these new auctions, along with robotic traders, for possible use in electronic exchanges. The hope is that today’s financial auctions and online marketplaces might work better by becoming more like their English and Dutch forebears. But what to call such multi-ethnic hybrids? Here’s introducing the “Cliffhanger”.
由于市场的不景气，许多投资银行解雇了许多他们高薪聘请的交易员。当市场恢复后，这些银行也会考虑用更便宜的人才去替代这些人。还有一个已经出现但是还没有流行的办法可以选择：自动交易代理--电脑系统可以像人一样工作，但是却不需要令人讨厌的假期、午餐休息、奖金红利等。当然以前也出现过程序交易；有人谴责说：1987年的股市崩溃就是因为电脑简单的处理规则引起的。但是现在的电脑比那个时候更聪明了。
Dave cliff是英格兰布里斯托尔Hewlett-Packed实验室的研究员，他研究机器交易系统已经七年了，在电脑模拟方面，他是计算机具有类似基因的进化能力，这样可以使电脑能够配合和适应真实世界的财政和金融交易市场。他的实验提出，对一些市场的从新设计能够残生更高的效率。去年，IBM的一个研究团队介绍说，Cliff先生的智能交易员可以打败各种类型的交易员，适应各种各样的市场。几乎所有的形式的拍卖。一种众所周知的形式是英国方式，克利斯蒂拍卖行和索斯比拍卖行的人对此非常熟悉，在那儿不公布他们的价格，买家逐渐增加他们的价格直到剩下最有一个出价者。
另外一种是荷兰交易方式，起源于17世纪荷兰人的郁金香交易，和美国的国库卷交易类似。在这种交易方式中，买家保持沉默，卖方降低他们的价格直到有人接受为止。大多数股票、商品、外汇以及相关衍生物交易市场采取这两种方式的混和方式，卖方和买方任何时候多能够宣布他们的报价或参考价格，价格不断地接近，这种方式的也被称为“双向接近方式”。
Cliff的新奇的设计使他的进化电脑能够自己适应市场。他认为，为什么不试一下那种方式能够使交易员们能够最快的达到交易价格呢?通过他的模拟，得出的结果让人吃惊。现在大多数交易所采用的这种买卖双方都可以报价的方式的效率比买方或者卖方报价的效率要低。这种“可进化电脑”也可以抵抗得住巨大的市场震动，例如突然崩盘和市场恐慌等，比现在真是世界的交易员还好。Cliff先生的最近成果将在11月10日在澳大利亚的悉尼发布。该成果表明了对于任何市场买方和卖方人数上细微的差别都会影响最佳交易方式的类型。
美国的银行正在对这些依照智能机器人的交易方式做可行性研究，也许在电子交易系统使用。希望现在的金融交易和网上市场在变成更像英式或者荷兰式交易方式后能够工作的更好。但是如何称呼这种杂合多种交易方式的方式呢？就叫“cliffhanger”吧。
The Indian finance ministry’s mid-year review, released this week, sees the external sector as a silver lining around the country’s huge fiscal deficit. “buoyant” and “encouraging” are the words used to describe three consecutive quarters of current-account surplus—the first in a quarter-century. Add to that swelling foreign-exchange reserves and a stronger rupee, and some are arguing that it is time for drastic liberalization of India’s foreign-exchange regime. They could be disappointed. For most of the past decade, the nominal value of the rupee has been allowed to decline gently against the dollar, by about 5% a year, thus staying fairly steady in real terms. This year, however, it ha been appreciating in real terms (and, since June, nominally as well). It would have done so more sharply had the central bank not been buying dollars with gusto. Exporters of manufactured goods, obsessed with price competition from china, are aghast at the rise—and at the prospect held out by some forecasters that a sustained boom in India’s IT exports means it will continue. The rupee’s recent strength is only partly related to India’s prowess in software and the mushrooming of “business-process outsourcing” in such project as call-centres. The chunky surplus on invisibles owes more to remittances: non-resident Indians, attracted by the stability of the rupee and its higher interest rates, have been moving their offshore deposits back home. Similarly, Indian companies are borrowing more in dollars without selling rupees forward to hedge repayments. The trade deficit, meanwhile, has been shrinking, as imports grow slowly. The inflows have boosted foreign-exchange reserves by some $20 billion this year, to $66 billion, or 12 month’s-importance of imports. The size of this cushion has triggered some calls for further liberalization of the labyrinthine foreign-exchange controls that India still maintains, despite the move in 1993 towards rupee convertibility for trade purposes. In recent months, some controls have duly been eased. It is now simpler, for example, for individuals to open foreign-currency bank accounts, and for travelers to get hold of foreign exchange. And non-resident Indians have been allowed to take out money acquired through inheritance, or from rents and dividends. Some commtators have taken all this as a harbinger of full capital-account convertibility. This is not on the cards. The experience of 1991, when India ran out of money, has left the central bank prone to caution—an approach it left was vindicated by the East Asian crisis of 1997-98. With war in irap lomming and a turbulent oil market, some risk aversion is understandable. India’s fiscal deficit—some 10% of GDP and widening—is another reason for moving slowly. Just as one rating agency , Moody’s, is considering upgrading India’s external debt, another, Fitch,has warned that its local-currency rating is under threat. Nor is it certain that opening the capital account would mean a weaker rupee. It might even attract more capital inflows. As India’s exporters are learing, convertibility is a two-way-street.
以后提前一天把要翻译的内容发出来，虽然没有愿意看这么大一堆英文~~
印度本周发表的年中财政报告，看上去好像是国家巨额财政赤字的一根救命稻草。“形式看涨”和“令人鼓舞”被用来形容最近25年来首次连续三个季度财政充盈。由于卢比的强势和外汇储备的膨胀，一些人认为是时候全面放开外汇管制的时候了。不过也许他们会失望。
在过去的十年中，卢比兑美元被允许每年以5%的速度缓慢贬值，所以其实际价值是非常稳定的。然而，在今年，卢比实际价值一直在升值。如果中央银行不一直努力买入美元，卢比的升值会更高。对于那些饱受中国产品价格困扰的制造品出口商来说，卢比的升值的却是一件让人胆战心惊的事情。一些预测者说，印度的IT产业还将持续繁荣，卢比也将继续升值。
卢比最近的强势一部份是因为印度在软件行业的实力，一部分是因为最近兴起的将商业工程外包有关，例如中心电话业务的外包。还有一些无形收支项目来自于汇款：受卢比稳定性和高利率的影响，一些在海外工作的印度人将其收入汇到国内存款。类似的，印度公司也借入更多的美元，同时保留卢比用以将来偿还时保值。
外汇的流入让外汇储备量今年增加了200亿美元，达到了600亿，相当于12个月的进口总数。尽管在1993年印度已经允许进行以贸易为目的的卢比兑换，但是印度目前的外汇控制依然非常的复杂。现在有了这样巨额的储备作为保障，一些人开始呼吁政府进一步放开外汇控制。在最近几个月来，一些控制已经放松。例如，现在非常简单就可以开设个人外汇银行帐户，旅游者持有外汇也非常容易。此外，在外国居住的印度人也可以转出遗产继承收入，或者租金和利息等。
一些评论员认为上面的情况是账户可以完全兑换的征兆。可是这个可能性并不大。1991年印度耗尽外汇储备的经验仍然历历在目-1997年到1998年的东亚经济危机也说明了这种方式的正确。随着伊拉克战争的来临，石油市场的波动，一些风险转移是可以理解的。印度每年10%的速度扩大的财政赤字也是开放进程缓慢的原因。Moody评级机构正在考虑提升印度的外债等级，另外一个评级机构Fitch则警告说印度的本地货币处境不太妙。放开资本账户并不一定以为着削弱卢比，也许可以吸引更多的资金流入。外币兑换是一把双刃剑，印度的出口商们对此越来越有感触了。
The giant Mirafiori plant in Turin is the heart of Fiat Auto, the troubled car division of the Fiat group. As the early shift trooped home at 2pm on October 9th, the mood was pessimistic. The workers knew that the bosses were meeting union leader later that afternoon in Rome’s to announce 8100 job cuts across the group’s car factories. This is on the top of 3000 job losses announced earlier this year. Workers expect one-third of Mirafiori’s 12000 employee’s to be gone by next July. Fiat says that all but 500 of the total are temporary layoffs, to last about a year. But the morose workers passing through Mirafiori’s gates doubt that the jobs will ever come back, whatever the firm says about new models and future investment. Fiat Auto will lose around € 1 billion ($987m) this year, wiping out profits in other parts of the group, which makes everything from lorries and tractors to robots. Fiat’s bosses have been in denial for years about the company’s massive overcapacity, the cause of growing losses as sales slumped. Five years ago Fiat Auto made 2.6m cars a year and profits of &#m. Since then it has recorded a loss in every year about one. This year it will produce barely 1.9m cars. Its banks forced a restructuring in May, and the chief executive of its Fiat group parent had to resign a few weeks later. The pain is bad enough in northern Italy, where unemployment is barely 4%, but it will e felt more elsewhere. The Termini Imerese plant in Sicily is to lay off 1800 workers. Unions say that cuts among suppliers could double the number of people hit. The local official jobless rate is already 18% (though this ignores a lively “informal” economy). This is posing a nasty problem for the government of Silvio Berlusconi, which polled strongly in Sicily but is not inclined to aid troubled firms. Fiat’s belated willingness to take tough steps to align capacity with demand is down to the group’s new boss, Gabriele Galateri, chosen in June to rescue the firm, which is 30% owned by Agnelli family interests. His aim is to restore credibility, arrest the alarming plunge in the company’s share price and persuade the banks that he is sorting out the Fiat Auto mess, so as to win their support for a further recapitulation. Closely watching this Italian drama are bosses of General Motors, owners of 20% of Fiat Auto. The Italians have an option to sell the remaining shares to GM from January 2004. GM, which has its own problems in Europe, is desperate for Fiat Auto to sort itself out before it can be forced to take over. Although the Agnelli family patriarch, the ailing 81-year-old Gianni Agnelli, is opposed to such a sale, most analysts expect that Italy’s proudest manufacturing company will end up in American hands.
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都灵巨大的Mirafiori工厂是菲亚特汽车公司的核心，该公司最近有些麻烦。10月9日下午两点早班工人下班回家时，他们的心情非常的悲观。工人们知道在下午公司老板将在罗马会见工会领导，并宣布在整个公司内裁员8100人。这是在今年早些时候宣布裁员3000人以后的又一次裁员。工人们预测，到到明年七月Mirafiori公司12000人中的三分之一都将被辞退。菲亚特公司说，除了500人以外，其他所有的人都是零时解雇一年。但是悲观的工人们经过Mirafiori大门的时候怀疑他们的工作将永远不会回来了，无论公司说新的设计和将来的投资如何精彩。
菲亚特汽车公司年将损失十亿欧元（9.87亿美元），其损失抵消了其他部门创造的所有利润，这些部门制造所有的东西，从卡车拖拉机到机器人。菲亚特公司的老板们否认多年以来他们一直巨大的生产过剩，他们说，引起公司损失增长的原因是销售的下滑。5年前，菲亚特汽车公司一年生产260万辆汽车，获利7.58亿欧元。自从那以后公司除了一年以外年年亏损。今天他们将生产190万辆汽车。银行逼迫其在五月份进行改造，几个星期后其首席执行官就宣布辞职。
这对于意大利北部来说是一件非常痛苦的事情，虽然那里的失业率只有4%，其他的地方可能更严重。在西西里的Termini Tmerese工厂裁员1800人。工会说由于其影响到供应商，也许会使上述两倍的人失业。当地政府的失业率已经18%了。（虽然这忽略了活跃的“非正式”经济）。这给Silvio Berlusconi政府出了一道难题，虽然他在西西里地区的支持率很高，但是他们并没有打算帮助困难公司。
菲亚特公司迟迟不采取措施来使公司的产需一直，直到六月份，Gabriele Galateri被选为作为公司新老板来拯救公司。Agnelli家族拥有该公司30%的股份。Gabriele Galateri的目标是恢复公司的信誉，防止公司股票令人心惊的下滑趋势，使银行相信他正在扭转菲亚特的混乱局面，以获取银行对将来的改革的支持。
通用汽车公司也在密切关注意大利的局势，通用拥有菲亚特20%的股份。从2004年一月起，意大利人有一个选择就是把他们保留的股票卖给通用.通用现在在欧洲也有自己的麻烦事了，所以通用非常希望菲亚特能够解决好自己的问题，这样他们就不用被迫去接受。虽然Agnelli家族的族长，81岁的Gianni Agnelli反对将公司卖出去，但是大多数的分析家认为，意大利人引以为豪的制造公司最终将落入美国人之手。
作者：执自由1 回复日期： 15:07:10
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Richard Evans, a retired lorry driver, and his family were travelling in Spain last summer when their camper van broke down. They left it to be brought back by AA. But customs officers at Dover claimed it was being used for smuggling. They seized the vehicle and all its contents, including 9000 cigarettes and 20 battles of spirits. The van, worth ￡2), is still impounded. It even took Mr.Evans six months to recover his 90-year-old mother-in-law’s wheelchair. Under European Union regulations, people may import an unlimited quantity of alcohol and tobacco, so long as it is for their own personal use. Had Mr.Evans been driving his van himself, he would probably have had no trouble. Cases like this are putting Customs and Excise’s considerable powers under scrutiny. A recent stinging High Court judgment about another vehicle seizure said, “the mindset of those determining these policies has not embraced the world of an internal market where excise goods can move freely across internal frontiers.” And , on September 18th, the EU announced that it was giving Britain two months to prove that customs officers were not breaching consumers’ rights to shop freely in Europe. “Cross-border shopping…is a fundamental right under EU law and should not be regarded as a form of tax evasion,” said Frits Bolkestein, the internal market commissioner. Customs officers have an impossible job. Excise duty and VAT on a pack of premium brand cigarettes account for 79% of the recommended retail selling price of ￡4.51. An identical pack costs ￡1.97 in Belgium. One in every five cigarettes smoked in Britain—some 17 billion altogether—has been smuggled. The Tobacco Manufacturers’ Association reckons that 80% of hand-rolling tobacco is smuggled. The main weapon Customs and Excise has in tacking abuse is to seize cars in which it suspects goods are being smuggled. Guidelines suggest “personal use” can mean only up to 800 cigarettes, for example. Anyone bringing in more can be asked to explain. In the past three years, customs officers have impounded more than 22000 vehicles. Tellingly, only a fifth of seizures are contested, and fewer than 1% of appeals are successful. Officials say the value of cross-channel smuggling has fallen sharply in the past year, from ￡1.6 billion to ￡400m. Some customs officers, though, have clearly been over-zealous. And the recent High Court case ruled that the legislation under which Customs and Excise operates wrongly reverses the burden of proof. The defendant must prove that he is not bringing in tobacco and so forth for a commercial purpose. It also said that customs offers must have “reasonable grounds” for searches: suspicion and instinct are not enough. The government is appealing. The minister in charge of Customs and Excise, John Healey, accepts that there is an urgent need to respond to questions about the “legitimacy” of the customs regime. But he says the charge that Customs are abusing their powers is wrong: “Customs,” he says, “never stop at random, they never do blanket searches. They always have some ground for stopping people.” Tell that to Mr Evans.
Richard Evans是一个退休的卡车司机。去年夏天他和他的家人在西班牙旅游的时候，他们的露营汽车坏了。于是他把车留下让AA公司带回。但是多佛的海关关员们去称其货车被用来走私。他们查封了卡车以及携带的所有货物，包括9000只香烟和20瓶酒。这两价值20000欧元（30800美元）的车现在仍然被扣留着。甚至连拿回Evans先生90岁高龄母亲的专用轮椅都花了他半年的时间。
按照欧盟的规定，人们可以进口不受限制数量的酒和烟草，如果他们仅仅是用于自己消费的话。如果Evans先生是自己驾驶汽车的话，也许他也不会有这些麻烦。类似的案例使海关税和消费税的强大权利受到人们关注。最近最高法院对另外一起棘手的交通工具扣押案件审理时说：这些政策的制定者们并没有按照欧盟的规据来办事，在欧盟的所有市场里，交了税的货物是可以自由流通的。在12月18日，欧盟通知说：他们将给英国两个月的时间来证明消费税局没有限制消费者在欧盟内可以自由购物的权力。内部市场委员Frits Bolkestein说：跨国购物是欧盟公民的一项基本权力，这项权利不应该被当作逃税行为。
海关税官员的工作也非常的棘手。消费税和增值税在一包推荐零售价格为4.51法郎的香烟中占79%。相同的一包香烟在比利时去只卖1.97法郎。英国人所吸烟中的五分之一，大约170亿只烟，是走私货。烟草厂商协会估计大约80%的手卷烟是走私过来的。
如果汽车的货物被怀疑为走私，海关税局和消费税局采用扣押汽车的方法来打击走私。对于个人使用固定一个限度，即不能超过800只香烟。如果有人携带的香烟数量操作这个数目，可以要求解释。这招非常有效，被扣押后，只有五分之一的人提出申述，只有不到1%的申述会成功。政府宣称：在去年，跨国走私的价值已经急剧下降，从160亿法郎降到4000万法郎。
可是一些海关税官员明显热心过头了。最近最高法院例子规定：海关税局和消费税局操作错误的那项法令，把举证的义务颠倒了。消费者必须证明他们没有因为商业目的而携带香烟等物品。同时也说，海关税局应该必须拥有充分的证据才能搜查，怀疑和本能是不够的。政府部门也在对此进行呼吁。
负责消费税和海关税的部长John Healey同意迫切需要确定海关税局做法的合法性。但是他说对于海关税局的滥用权力的说法是错误的。他说：海关税局绝对不会随便拦截车辆，也绝对不会做地毯式搜查。只有当他们有充足的证据时才会拦停车辆。把这些话去对Evans先生说吧。
￡这个符号原来是英镑。-_-!
In the past three years, customs officers have impounded more than 22000 vehicles. 在过去的三年里，海关关员扣押了22000多辆汽车。 PS：这句话怎么没有翻译。。。。
1.6 billion to ￡400m 16亿到4亿~ 失误~ 。。
Focus on what you do best. This age-old strategy has worked well for RealNetworks, Microsoft’s main competitor in multimedia software for the internet. Now, the smaller Seattle-based firm is trying a novel way to contain the software giant. On October 29th, it released the underlying recipe, or source-code, of its RealPlayer software and will soon do the same for its other programs—giving away a big chunk of its intellectual property. This way sound like a desperate echo of 1998, when Netscape, struggling in Microsoft’s chokehold, published the source-code of its web browser (an initiative that yield few real results until this June, when the first serious new version if the open-source browser, Mozilla, was released). Yet RealNetworks is not playing defence. It is trying to encourage the creation of a common multimedia software infrastructure for every kind of file format and device, thus thwarting Microsoft’s ambitions in this promising market. The firm hopes that others in the industry (volunteer programmers, media firms and hardware makes) will take the code, called Helix DNA, improve it and make it run on new devices, such as mobile phones and home stereos, turning RealNetworks’ software into an industry standard. Clever licensing terms are supposed to ensure that this standard does not splinter and that the firm still makes money. Individual developers, universities and other non-profit organizations can modify the software as they please, and even redistribute it for free, so long as they also publish the source-code for their changes. This is a sort of payment in kind, for RealNetworks is then allowed to use these contributions. Firms, on the other hand, must pay royalty fees if they distribute more than 1m copies of the code. They also have to make sure that their software works with other Helix DNA products. The software’s development community already has 2000 members. And several hardware makers back the effort. But there are risks. Afraid of piracy, media groups are suspicious of anything that might be related to hackers (although they also do not want to depend on, and pay for, technology controlled by Microsoft). The self-created competition could also hurt RealNetworks if customers decide its commercial products, which will be based on the open source-code but with extra features, are not worth paying extra for. Realnetworks’ move is another sign that the software industry is going to hybrid. Mixing elements of proprietary software, where the source-code is tightly controlled, with open-source programs enables firms to expand a market, harvest the ideas of others and, they hope, still make money. Even Microsoft is edging this way: it recently announced that partners can now look at—but not modify or reuse—the source-code for Passport, its controversial digital-identity service.
集中精力做好一件事情。这个古老的策略对于RealNetworks来说非常的非常的有用，微软在网上多媒体播放软件领域最主要的对手。现在，这家位于西雅图的小公司正在用一种新奇的方法费力的牵制微软这个软件巨人。在9月29日，他们公布了Realplayer的处方，或者说是源代码，并将很快会公布公司其他软件的源代码，这样RealNetwork放弃了他们很大的一部分知识产权。
这个办法听起来好像是1998年那个令人绝望的声音的一个回音，当时Netscape公司为了抵抗微软，公布了其web浏览器的源代码。(这种主动出击几乎没有给他们带来任何好处，直到今年6月份，他们才发布第一款真正意义上基于开放源代码编译的浏览器Mozilla)。然而RealNetworks并不是扮演抵抗者的角色。他们正试图鼓励构建一个对于任何文件格式和设备都适用的通用多媒体软件底层结构，并以此来对抗来对抗微软在这块可获利市场上的雄心。
RealNet公司希望这个行业的其他人(志愿者、媒体公司、硬件制造厂商)能得到这些被称为Helix DNA的源代码，并对这些源代码进行改进，是其能够尽快地在手机、家庭影院等新的设备上运行，是RealNetworks公司的软件能够成为一种工业标准。高明的许可证发放条例应该要能保证这种标准不被分裂，还要保证公司有钱赚。
个人开发者，学校以及其它非营利组织可以按照他们的喜好任意更改软件，甚至还可以免费发布其更改的软件，只要他们也公开其修改后的源代码。对于RealNetworks来说，这其实是一种实物交换方式，RealNetworks于是就可以使用这些贡献了。另一方面，如果某个公司能够销售100万份以上的源码的话，则必须支付特许经销费。这些公司也不许保证他们开发的软件和其他Helix DNA为源码的软件兼容。软件的开发联盟已经有2000个成员了。有一些硬件厂商也支持这项计划。但是还是有风险。由于担心盗版，媒体方面对任何可能和黑客产生关系的事情持怀疑态度(虽然他们也不想依靠，而且付钱给控制技术的微软）。自行创造也可能伤害RealNetworks,如果消费者想用基于开放的源代码作为商业软件，并且在软件上面附有其他额外的功能，那么其他额外的功能将没有价值.
RealNetworks的行动也是软件工业将走向混合的一个标志。混合有其他私人成分的软件，其源代码是紧紧的掌握在开放源代码的公司手中的，公司可以获得私人成果，并且通过此获利。虽然微软也正在尝试这种方法：他们最近宣布，其合伙人可以观看--但是不能使用和修改-其通信证的源代码（微软有争议数字身份服务）。
Focus on what you do best. 集中精力做好你最拿手的事情。 On October 29th 在九月二十九号。 The self-created competition could also hurt RealNetworks if customers decide its commercial products, which will be based on the open source-code but with extra features, are not worth paying extra for. 自我制造的竞争也可能伤害RealNetworks，如果客户认为不值得为以开放源代码为基础但具有极佳特点的产品额外付钱的话。
Realnetworks’ move is another sign that the software industry is going to hybrid Realnetworks公司的举动表明了另一种迹象，即软件业混合发展模式依然盛行。 Mixing elements of proprietary software, where the source-code is tightly controlled, with open-source programs enables firms to expand a market, harvest the ideas of others and, they hope, still make money. 把那些源代码受到严格控制的专有软件成分与开放源代码程序加以组合能拓展市场，集思广益，并且--他们希望--仍可能赚钱。
Even Microsoft is edging this way 就连微软也在小心翼翼的尝试这种
