光纤接口总结大全(FC ST SC GBIC SFP LC)_百度文库
两大类热门资源免费畅读
续费一年阅读会员，立省24元！
光纤接口总结大全(FC ST SC GBIC SFP LC)
&&光纤接口总结大全(FC ST SC GBIC SFP LC)
阅读已结束，下载文档到电脑
想免费下载本文？
定制HR最喜欢的简历
下载文档到电脑，方便使用
还剩2页未读，继续阅读
定制HR最喜欢的简历
你可能喜欢清华大学计算机科学与技术系
职称：教授
职称：副教授
职称：教授
职称：教授
职称：教授
职称：教授
职称：副教授
职称：研究员
职称：教授
职称：教授ROAD FC(路德)综合格斗国际联赛_新浪体育_新浪网
日18点，ROAD FC30在北京工人体育馆震撼开战，这次比赛汇集了中国顶尖力量，除了敖日格乐、闫晓楠、阿拉腾黑力、贺楠楠这些明星战将之外，还有后起之秀陈正康、杨俊凯、郑晓亮、商连如初次登本次ROAD FC的擂台，此外，乒乓球奥运冠军王皓，体操奥运冠军江钰源，体操世界冠军李颖，武术世界冠军柴云龙也来到现场观看这场格斗盛宴！…>>
ROAD FC从赛事规则选择了安全系数更大的国际UR通用规则，UR规则可以说是目前世界上用到最多的规则之一，原因在于UR规则的制定相对安全和全面。UR规则最大的特点在于：抛开了危险的地面膝击头部、火爆凶残的足球踢以及山崩地裂般的踩踏技术，但允许使用肘部攻击头部（肘部垂直于地面90°下砸是不允许）以及其他的规则细节制定…>>
ROAD FC北京站对阵
包舍日古冷
阿拉腾黑力
佐佐木郁矢
ROAD FC赛事介绍
&&&&ROAD FC 是以江原道原州市综合格斗组TEAM POSS的代表郑文弘为代表的综合格斗团体。在2010年10月首次举办大赛，培养出了中量级、轻量级、次轻量级、最轻量级、次最轻量级的冠军。从2013年的第12次大赛开始增加了女性格斗选手，2011年在XTM开始播放的ROAD FC旗下综艺节目《哭泣的拳头》中的出演者也在积极出战。
ROAD FC赛事规则简介
1、局/ 回合
&&&&ROAD FC 每场的比赛时间是5分钟，统合赛分为3回合，平局时再进行1回合的加时赛。一般性的比赛一场可分为3回合或2回合，女生部比赛和YOUNG GUNS比赛每场分为2回合，局间休息时间为一分钟。
2、量级分类
&&&&ROAD FC 总共采用10个量级。
&&&&?原子量级 : 48 kg 以下 (女子)
&&&&?草量级: 52 kg 以下 (女子)
&&&&?次最轻量级: 57 kg 以下 (男子)
&&&&?最轻量级: 61.5 kg 以下 (男子)
&&&&?次轻量级 65.5 kg 以下(男子)
&&&&?轻量级: 70 kg 以下 (男子)
&&&&?次中量级 : 77 kg 以下(男子)
&&&&?中量级 : 84 kg 以下 (男子)
&&&&?次重量级 : 93 kg以下 (男子)
&&&&?重量级 : 无限制 (男子)
3、裁判判定
&&&&?全员一致判定（三名裁判全部判定同一位选手胜利）
&&&&?分隔判定（两位裁判判定同一位选手胜利，另一位裁判判定另一位选手胜利）
&&&&?多数判定（两位裁判判定同一位选手胜利，另一位裁判判定平局）
&&&&?全员一致平局 (三位裁判全部判定平局)
&&&&?分隔平局（两位选手总分相同）
&&&&另外，还可以以失去比赛资格、没收败、无效竞技结束比赛。
4、判定标准
&&&&采用10 POINT MUST SYSTEM进行打分。三名裁判在每一回合分出胜者，胜者给予10分，败者给予9分以下的分数。如两位选手实力均等，在此回合两位都将得到10分。列如：一局中一位选手将另一位选手击倒，那么这一回合被击倒的选手得8分，另一位选手得10分。（如被击倒的选手无法站起来，那么与分数无关，比赛结束。） 一局的分数不受其他回合比赛内容的影响，仅以当前回合的比赛内容进行打分。所有回合结束后，裁判合算各回合分数，分数更高者为胜利者。一回合中如果无任何一方明显占优势那么此局两者都得10分。另外，处于优势的选手因犯规被减分时，也有可能出现9分，因此就算局数与裁判人员数是奇数，也有可能出现平局。
ROAD FC美艳举牌女郎
专题内搜索From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Futbol Club Barcelona (Catalan pronunciation:  ( )), commonly known as Barcelona and familiarly as Bar?a, is a professional
based in , , .
Founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss, English and Catalan footballers led by , the club has become a symbol of Catalan culture and , hence the motto "Més que un club" (English: "More than a club"). Unlike many other football clubs, the
own and operate Barcelona. It is the second most valuable sports team in the world, worth $3.56 billion, and the
in terms of revenue, with an annual turnover of EUR560.8 million. The official Barcelona anthem is the "", written by Jaume Picas and .
Domestically, Barcelona has won 24 , 29 , 12 , 3
trophies, as well as being the record holder for the latter four competitions. In , Barcelona has won twenty European and World titles — four
titles and one European Cup, a record four , a shared record five , a record three
and a record three . Barcelona was ranked first in the
Club World Ranking for ,
and 2015 and currently occupies the third position on the . The club has a long-st matches between the two teams are referred to as .
Barcelona is one of the most widely supported teams in the world, and the club has one of the largest social media following in the world among sports teams. Barcelona players have won a record number of
awards (11), with recipients including , as well as a record number of
awards (7), with winners including ,
and . In 2010, three players who came through the club's youth academy (,
and ) were chosen as the three best players in the world in the
awards, an unprecedented feat for players from the same football school.
Barcelona is one of three founding members of the Primera División that have
from the top division, along with
and Real Madrid. In 2009, Barcelona became the first Spanish club to win the
consisting of , , and the , and also became the first Spanish football club to win six out of six competitions in a single year, by also winning the ,
and . In 2011, the club became European champions again and won five trophies. This Barcelona team, which won 14 trophies in just 4 years under , is considered by some in the sport to be the greatest team of all time. By winning their fifth Champions League trophy on , Barcelona became the first European club in history to achieve the continental treble twice.
, the club's first president (). His main achievement was getting Bar?a its first home ground
Gamper's advertisement in Los Deportes ---- English translation  : "SPORT NOTE. Our friend and partner, Mr. Kans Kamper, from the Foot-Vall Section of the 'Sociedad Los Deportes' and former Swiss champion, wishing to organise some matches in Barcelona, requests that everyone who likes this sport contact him, come to this office Tuesday and Friday nights from 9 to 11."
On 22 October 1899,
placed an advertisement in Los Deportes declaring his wish to
a positive response resulted in a meeting at the Gimnasio Solé on 29 November. Eleven players attended —
(the first director of the club), Lluís d'Ossó, , Otto Kunzle, Otto Maier, Enric Ducal, Pere Cabot, Carles Pujol, Josep Llobet, John Parsons, and William Parsons — and Foot-Ball Club Barcelona was born.
A formation of FC Barcelona in 1903
FC Barcelona had a successful start in regional and national cups, competing in the
and the . In 1902, the club won its first trophy, the , and participated in the first Copa del Rey, losing 1–2 to
in the final. In 1908, Hans Gamper – now known as Joan Gamper – became club president in a desperate attempt to save Barcelona from extinction, finding the club struggling not just on the pitch, but also financially and socially, after not winning a competition since the Campionat de Catalunya in 1905. He said in a meeting, "Barcelona cannot die and must not die. If there is nobody who is going to try, then I will assume the responsibility of running the club from now on." Club president on five separate occasions between 1908 and 1925, he spent 25 years in total at the helm. One of his main achievements was ensuring Bar?a acquire its own stadium and thus generate a stable income.
On 14 March 1909, the team moved into the , a stadium with a capacity of 8,000. To celebrate their new surroundings, the club conducted a logo contest the following year.
won the contest, and his suggestion became the crest that the club still wears – with some minor changes – as of the present day.
With the new stadium, Barcelona participated in the inaugural version of the , which, at the time, consisted of the best teams of ,
(Southern France), the
and C all were former members of the
region. The contest was the most prestigious in that era. From the inaugural year in 1910 to 1913, Barcelona won the competition four consecutive times. Carles Comamala played an integral part of the four-time champion, managing the side along with Amechazurra and . The latter became the club's first full-time coach in 1917. The last edition was held in 1914 in the city of Barcelona, which local rivals
During the same period, the club changed its official language from
and gradually evolved into an important symbol of Catalan identity. For many fans, participating in the club had less to do with the game itself and more with being a part of the club's collective identity. On 4 February 1917, the club held its first
to honour , who played from 1913 to 1928. The match was against local side Terrassa: Barcelona won 6–2.
Gamper simultaneously launched a campaign to recruit more club members, and by 1922, the club had more than 20,000, who helped finance a new stadium. The club then moved to the new , which they inaugurated the same year. Les Cortes had an initial capacity of 30,000, and in the 1940s it was expanded to 60,000.
Gamper recruited
as the first full-time manager in Barcelona's history. After this hiring, the club's fortunes began to improve on the field. During the Gamper-led era, Barcelona won eleven , six
and four Pyrenees Cups and enjoyed its first "golden age".
The aerial bombardment of Barcelona in 1938
On 14 June 1925, in a spontaneous reaction against 's dictatorship, the crowd in the stadium jeered the . As a reprisal, the ground was closed for six months and Gamper was forced to relinquish the presidency of the club. This coincided with the transition to professional football, and, in 1926, the directors of Barcelona publicly claimed, for the first time, to operate a professional football club. On 3 July 1927, the club held a second testimonial match for , against the . To kick off the match, local journalist and pilot Josep Canudas dropped the ball onto the pitch from his aeroplane. In 1928, victory in the Spanish Cup was celebrated with a poem titled "Oda a ", which was written by a member of the , , inspired by the heroic performance of the Barcelona , Franz Platko. On 23 June 1929, Barcelona won the . A year after winning the championship, on 30 July 1930, Gamper committed suicide after a period of depression brought on by personal and financial problems.
Although they continued to have players of the standing of , the club now entered a period of decline, in which political conflict overshadowed sports throughout society. Attendance at matches dropped as the citizens of Barcelona were occupied with discussing political matters. Although the team won the
in , , 1936 and 1938, success at a national level (with the exception of the ) evaded them.
A month after the
began in 1936, several players from Barcelona enlisted in the ranks of those who fought against the military uprising, along with players from Athletic Bilbao. On 6 August,
soldiers near
murdered club president , a representative of the pro-independence political party. He was dubbed the martyr of barcelonisme, and his murder was a defining moment in the history of FC Barcelona and Catalan identity. In the summer of 1937, the squad was on tour in Mexico and the United States, where it was received as an ambassador of the . The tour led to the financial security of the club, but also resulted in half of the team seeking
in Mexico and France, making it harder for the remaining team to contest for trophies.
On 16 March 1938, Barcelona came under aerial bombardment from the , causing more than 3,000 deaths, with one of the bombs hitting the club's offices. A few months later, Catalonia came under occupation and as a symbol of the "undisciplined" , the club, now down to just 3,486 members, faced a number of restrictions. All signs of regional nationalism, including language, flag and other signs of separatism were banned throughout Spain. The
was banned and the club were prohibited from using non-Spanish names. These measures forced the club to change its name to Club de Fútbol Barcelona and to remove the Catalan flag from its crest.
In , Barcelona faced rivals
in the semi-finals of
(now the Copa del Rey). The first match at
was won by Barcelona 3–0. Real Madrid comfortably won the second leg, beating Barcelona 11–1. According to football writer , "There have been relatively few mentions of the game [since] and it is not a result that has been particularly celebrated in Madrid. Indeed, the 11–1 occupies a far more prominent place in Barcelona's history. This was the game that first formed the identification of Madrid as the team of the dictatorship and Barcelona as its victims." It has been alleged by local journalist Paco Aguilar that Barcelona's players were threatened by police in the changing room, though nothing was ever proven.
The prolific forward, , led Barcelona to success in the 1950s. His statue is built outside the Camp Nou.
Despite the difficult political situation, CF Barcelona enjoyed considerable success during the 1940s and 1950s. In 1945, with
as coach and players like ,
and , they won La Liga for the first time since 1929. They added two more titles in 1948 and 1949. In 1949, they also won the first . In June 1950, Barcelona signed , who was to be an important figure at the club.
On a rainy Sunday of 1951, the crowd left Les Corts stadium after a 2–1 win against
by foot, refusing to catch any trams, and surprising the
authorities. The reason was simple: at the same time, a tram strike was taking place in Barcelona, receiving the support of . Events like this made CF Barcelona represent much more than just Catalonia and many progressive
saw the club as a staunch defender of
and László Kubala led the team to five different trophies including La Liga, the Copa del Generalísimo, the , the , and the Copa Martini Rossi in 1952. In 1953, the club won La Liga and the Copa del Generalísimo again.
Barcelona line up against
before the
semi-final
as coach, a young , the
in 1960, and two influential
recommended by Kubala,
and , the team won another national double in 1959 and a
and Fairs Cup double in 1960. In 1961, they became the first club to beat Real Madrid in a
play-off. However, they lost 2–3 to
in the final.
, the first Barcelona player to win the
The 1960s were less successful for the club, with Real Madrid monopolising La Liga. The completion of the , finished in 1957, meant the club had little money to spend on new players. The 1960s saw the emergence of
and , and the club won the Copa del Generalísimo in 1963 and the Fairs Cup in 1966. Barcelona restored some pride by beating Real Madrid 1–0 in the 1968 Copa del Generalísimo final at the
in front of , with coach , a former
pilot in the Civil War. With the end of Franco's dictatorship in 1974, the club changed its official name back to Futbol Club Barcelona and reverted the crest to its original design, including the original letters once again.
The 1973–74 season saw the arrival of , who was bought for a world record ?920,000 from . Already an established player with Ajax, Cruyff quickly won over the Barcelona fans when he told the European press that he chose Barcelona over Real Madrid because he could not play for a club associated with . He further endeared himself when he named his son , after the local Catalan . Next to champions like , Carles Rexach and , he helped the club win the
for the first time since 1960, defeating Real Madrid 5–0 at the Santiago Bernabéu en route. He was crowned
in 1973 during his first season with Barcelona (his second Ballon d'O he won his first while playing for Ajax in 1971). Cruyff received this prestigious award a third time (the first player to do so) in 1974, while he was still with Barcelona.
In 1979, Barcelona bought , a farmer's house built in 1702, to be a residence for young academy players. It would later play a significant role in the club's future success.
became the first elected president of FC Barcelona, and, since then, the members of Barcelona have elected the club president. The process of electing a president of FC Barcelona was closely tied to Spain's transition to democracy in 1974 and the end of Franco's dictatorship. The new president's main objective was to develop Barcelona into a world-class club by giving it stability both on and off the pitch. His presidency was to last for 22 years, and it deeply affected the image of Barcelona, as Nú?ez held to a strict policy regarding wages and discipline, letting go of such players as ,
rather than meeting their demands.
On 16 May 1979, the club won its first
by beating
in a final watched by more than 30,000 travelling blaugrana fans. The same year, Nú?ez began to invest in the club's youth programme by converting La Masia into a dormitory for young academy players from abroad. The name of the dormitory would later become synonymous with the youth programme of Barcelona.
In June 1982, Diego Maradona was signed for a world record fee of ?5 million from . In the following season, under coach , Barcelona won the Copa del Rey, beating Real Madrid. Maradona's time with Barcelona, however, was short-lived and he soon left for . At the start of the
was hired as manager and he won La Liga with noteworthy displays by German midfielder . The next season, he took the team to their second
, only to lose on penalties to
during a dramatic evening in .
Around this time, tensions began to arise between what was perceived as president Nú?ez's dictatorial rule and the nationalistic support group, . The group, identified with a left-wing separatism, repeatedly demanded the resignation of Nú?ez and openly defied him through chants and banners at matches. At the same time, Barcelona experienced an eruption in , who often identified with a right-wing separatism. The skinheads slowly transferred the Boixos Nois' ideology from
to , which caused division within the group and a sudden support for Nú?ez's presidency. Inspired by British hooligans, the remaining Boixos Nois became violent, causing havoc leading to large-scale arrests.
After the , Barcelona signed the English top-scorer , along with goalkeeper , but the team could not achieve success, as Schuster was excluded from the team. Terry Venables was subsequently fired at the beginning of the 1987–88 season and replaced with . The season finished with the players rebelling against president Nú?ez, in an event known as the Hesperia mutiny, and a 1–0 victory in the Copa del Rey final against .
As coach of the "Dream Team",
won four consecutive league titles with Barcelona
In 1988, Johan Cruyff returned to the club as manager and he assembled the so-called "Dream Team". He used a mix of Spanish players like ,
while signing international players such as , ,
starting lineup
It was ten years after the inception of the youth programme, La Masia, when the young players began to graduate and play for their first team. One of the first graduates, who would later earn international acclaim, was previous Barcelona coach Pep Guardiola. Under Cruyff's guidance, Barcelona won four consecutive La Liga titles from 1991 to 1994. They beat
in both the 1989
final and the 1992
final at , with a free kick goal from Dutch international Ronald Koeman. They also won a Copa del Rey in 1990, the
in 1992 and three
trophies. With 11 trophies, Cruyff became the club's most successful manager at that point. He also became the club's longest consecutive serving manager, serving eight years. Cruyff's fortune was to change, and, in his final two seasons, he failed to win any trophies and fell out with president Josep Lluís Nú?ez, resulting in his departure. On the legacy of Cruyff's football philosophy and the passing style of play he introduced to the club, future coach of Barcelona Pep Guardiola would state, "Cruyff built the cathedral, our job is to maintain and renovate it."
Reacting to Cruyff's departure, an independent protest group was organised by Armand Caraben,
and Alfons Godall. The objective of the group, called L'Elefant Blau, was to oppose the presidency of Nú?ez, which they regarded as a corruption of the club's traditional values. Laporta would later take over the presidency of Barcelona in 2003.
Cruyff was briefly replaced by , who took charge of the club for a single season in 1996–97. He recruited
from his previous club,
and delivered a , winning the Copa del Rey,
and the Supercopa de Espa?a. Despite his success, Robson was only ever seen as a short-term solution while the club waited for
to become available.
Like Maradona, Ronaldo only stayed a short time before he left for . However, new heroes emerged, such as , ,
and , and the team won a Copa del Rey and La Liga double in 1998. In 1999, the club celebrated its centenari, winning the Primera División title, and Rivaldo became the fourth Barcelona player to be awarded . Despite this domestic success, the failure to emulate Real Madrid in the Champions League led to van Gaal and Nú?ez resigning in 2000.
Plaque commemorating the centenary of FC Barcelona.
's arrival in 2003 helped Barcelona "get their smile back".
The departures of Nú?ez and Van Gaal were hardly noticed by the fans when compared to that of Luís Figo, then club vice-captain. Figo had become a cult hero and was considered by Catalans to be one of their own. Barcelona fans, however, were distraught by Figo's decision to join arch-rivals Real Madrid, and, during subsequent visits to the Camp Nou, Figo was given an extremely hostile reception. Upon his first return, a piglet's head and a full bottle of whiskey were thrown at him from the crowd. The next three years saw the club in decline, and managers came and went. Van Gaal was replaced by
who, despite an extensive investment in players in the summer of 2000, presided over a mediocre league campaign and a humiliating first-round Champions League exit, and was eventually dismissed late in the season. Long-serving coach
was appointed as his replacement, initially on a temporary basis, and managed to at least steer the club to the last Champions League spot on the final day of the season. Despite better form in La Liga and a good run to the semi-finals of the Champions League, Rexach was never viewed as a long-term solution and that summer Van Gaal returned to the club for a second spell as manager. What followed, despite another decent Champions League performance, was one of the worst La Liga campaigns in the club's history, with the team as low as 15th in February 2003. This led to Van Gaal's resignation and replacement for the rest of the campaign by , though a sixth-place finish was the best that he could manage. At the end of the season, Anti?'s short-term contract was not renewed, and club president
resigned, his position having been made completely untenable by such a disastrous season on top of the club's overall decline in fortunes since he became president three years prior.
starting lineup
After the disappointment of the Gaspart era, the combination of a new young president, , and a young new manager, former
star , saw the club bounce back. On the field, an influx of international players, including , , , , , and , combined with home grown Spanish players, such as , ,
and , led to the club's return to success. Barcelona won La Liga and the Supercopa de Espa?a in , and Ronaldinho and Eto'o were voted first and third, respectively, in the
In the , Barcelona repeated their league and Supercopa successes. The pinnacle of the league season arrived at the Santiago Bernabéu in a 3–0 win over Real Madrid. It was Rijkaard's second victory at the Bernabéu, making him the first Barcelona manager to win there twice. Ronaldinho's performance was so impressive that after his second goal, which was Barcelona's third, some Real Madrid fans gave him a standing ovation. In the Champions League, Barcelona beat the English club
in the final. Trailing 1–0 to a ten-man Arsenal and with less than 15 minutes remaining, they came back to win 2–1, with substitute Henrik Larsson, in his final appearance for the club, setting up goals for Samuel Eto'o and fellow substitute , for the club's first European Cup victory in 14 years.
Despite being the favourites and starting strongly, Barcelona finished the
without trophies. A pre-season US tour was later blamed for a string of injuries to key players, including leading scorer Eto'o and rising star . There was open feuding as Eto'o publicly criticised coach Rijkaard and Ronaldinho. Ronaldinho also admitted that a lack of fitness affected his form. In La Liga, Barcelona were in first place for much of the season, but inconsistency in the New Year saw Real Madrid overtake them to become champions. Barcelona advanced to the semi-finals of the , winning the first leg against
5–2, with a goal from Messi bringing comparison to Diego Maradona's , but then lost the second leg 4–0. They took part in the , but were beaten by a late goal in the final against Brazilian side . In the , Barcelona were knocked out of the competition in the last 16 by eventual runners-up
Barcelona finished the
third in La Liga and reached the semi-finals of the
and , both times losing to the eventual champions,
and , respectively. The day after a 4–1 defeat to Real Madrid,
announced that
coach Pep Guardiola would take over Frank Rijkaard's duties on 30 June 2008.
starting lineup
Barcelona's midfield combination of
(left) and
(right) were at the heart of Guardiola's
passing style of play.
youth manager Pep Guardiola took over Frank Rijkaard's duties at the conclusion of the season. Guardiola brought with him the now famous
style of play he had been taught during his time in the Barcelona youth teams. In the process, Guardiola sold Ronaldinho and Deco and started building the Barcelona team around Xavi, Andrés Iniesta and Lionel Messi.
Bar?a beat Athletic Bilbao 4–1 in the , winning the competition for a record-breaking 25th time. A historic 2–6 victory against Real Madrid followed three days later and ensured that Barcelona became
champions. Bar?a finished the season by beating the previous year's Champions League winners Manchester United 2–0 at the
to win their third Champions League title and completed the first ever
won by a Spanish team. The team went on to win the
against Athletic Bilbao and the
against , becoming the first European club to win both domestic and European Super Cups following a treble. In December 2009, Barcelona won the . Barcelona accomplished two new records in Spanish football in 2010 as they retained the La Liga trophy with 99 points and won the Supercopa de Espa?a for a ninth time.
starting lineup
After Laporta's departure from the club in June 2010,
was soon elected as the new president. The elections were held on 13 June, where he got 61.35% (57,088 votes, a record) of total votes. Rosell signed
from Valencia for EUR40 million and
from Liverpool for EUR19 million.
in South Africa, Barcelona players that had graduated from the club's La Masia youth system would play a major role in Spain becoming world champions. On 11 July, seven players who came through the academy participated in the , six of which were Barcelona players whom started the match, with Iniesta scoring the winning goal against the Netherlands.
In November 2010, Barcelona defeated their main rival, Real Madrid 5–0 in . In the , Barcelona retained the La Liga trophy, their third title in succession, finishing with 96 points. In April 2011, the club reached the , losing 1–0 to Real Madrid at the
in . In May, Barcelona defeated Manchester United in the
3–1 held at , a repeat of the 2009 final, winning their fourth European Cup. In August 2011, La Masia graduate
was bought from Arsenal and he would help Barcelona defend the Spanish Supercup against Real Madrid. The Supercup victory brought the total number of official trophies to 73, matching the number of titles won by Real Madrid.
Later the same month, Barcelona won the UEFA Super Cup after defeating
2–0 thanks to goals from Lionel Messi and . This extended the club's overall number of official trophies to 74, surpassing Real Madrid's total amount of official trophies. The Super Cup victory also marked another impressive achievement as Pep Guardiola won his 12th trophy out of 15 possible in only three years at the helm of the club, becoming the all-time record holder of most titles won as a coach at Barcelona.
After scoring twice in Barcelona's victory over Santos in the final of the , Messi greets future club teammate
In December, Barcelona won the
for a record second time since its establishment, after defeating 2011
4–0 in the
thanks to two goals from Messi and goals from Xavi and Fàbregas. As a result, the overall trophy title during the reign of Guardiola was further extended and saw Barcelona win their 13th trophy out of 24 possible in four years, continuing their high-quality performance in recent world football competitions.
In the , Barcelona lost the semi-finals of the Champions League against . Right afterward, coach Guardiola, who had been on a rolling contract and had faced criticism over his recent tactics and squad selections, announced that he would step down as manager on 30 June and be succeeded by assistant . Guardiola finished his tenure with Bar?a winning the
final 3–0, bringing the tally to 14 trophies that Bar?a had won under his coaching.
It was announced in summer of 2012 that Tito Vilanova, assistant manager at Barcelona, would take over from Pep Guardiola as manager. Following his appointment, Barcelona went on an incredible run that saw them hold the top spot on the league table for the entire season, recording only two losses and amassing 100 points. Their top scorer once again was Lionel Messi, who scored 46 goals in La Liga, including two hat-tricks. On 11 May 2013, Barcelona were crowned as the Spanish football champions for the 22nd time, still with four games left to play. Ultimately, Barcelona ended the season 15 points clear of rivals Real Madrid, despite losing 2–1 to them at the beginning of March. They reached the semifinal stage of both the
and the , going out to Real Madrid and
respectively. On 19 July, it was announced that Vilanova was resigning as Barcelona manager because his throat cancer had returned, and he would be receiving treatment for the second time after a three-month medical leave in December 2012.
On 22 July 2013,
was confirmed as manager of Barcelona for the . Barcelona's first official games under Martino were the home and away legs of the , which Bar?a won 1–1 on away goals. On 23 January 2014, Sandro Rosell resigned as president by the admissibility of the complaint for alleged misappropriation following the transfer of .
replaced him to finish the term in 2016.
In April 2014,
banned the club from buying players for the next two transfer windows following the violation of the FIFA's rules about the transfer of footballers aged under 18. A statement on FIFA's website read, "With regard to the case in question, FC Barcelona has been found to be in breach of art. 19 of the Regulations in the case of ten minor players and to have committed several other concurrent infringements in the context of other players, including under Annexe 2 of the Regulations. The Disciplinary Committee regarded the infringements as serious and decided to sanction the club with a transfer ban at both national and international level for two complete and consecutive transfer periods, together with a fine of
450,000. Additionally, the club was granted a period of 90 days in which to regularise the situation of all minor players concerned." FIFA rejected an appeal in August but the pending appeal to the
allowed Barcelona to sign players during the summer of 2014.
became the club's most expensive signing in 2014, costing between EUR81 and EUR94 million.
On 17 May, in a game where they needed to defeat
(who had eliminated them from the
earlier in the year) to be crowned champions of La Liga for the 23rd time, they drew after Atlético defender
headed in the equaliser in the 49th minute, giving Atlético the championship.
Two days later, it was announced that Luis Enrique would return to Barcelona as head coach, after he agreed to a two-year deal. He was recommended by sporting director , his former national teammate. Following Enrique's arrival, Barcelona broke their
when they paid Liverpool between EUR81 to EUR94 million for striker , who was serving a four-month ban from all football-related activity imposed by the
during his appearance for Uruguay in a .
starting lineup
In late December, Barcelona's appeal to the
was unsuccessful and the original transfer ban was reinstated, leaving the club unable to utilise the 2015 winter and summer transfer windows. On 5 January 2015, Zubizareta was sacked by the board after four years as director of football. The next month, Barcelona announced the formation of a new Football Area Technical Commission, made up of vice-president Jordi Mestre, board member Javier Bordas, Carles Rexach and Ariedo Braida.
Barcelona won the
in the , winning La Liga, Copa del Rey and Champions League titles, and became the first European team to have won the treble twice. On 17 May, the club clinched their 23rd La Liga title after defeating Atlético Madrid. This was Barcelona's seventh La Liga title in the last ten years. On 30 May, the club defeated Athletic Bilbao in the
at Camp Nou. On 6 June, Barcelona won the
with a 3–1 win against , which completed the treble, the club's second in six years. Barcelona's attacking trio of Messi, Suárez and Neymar, dubbed "MSN", scored 122 goals in all competitions, the most in a season for an attacking trio in Spanish football history.
On 11 August, Barcelona started the
season winning a joint record fifth European Super Cup by beating
5–4 in the . They ended the year with a 3–0 win over Argentine club
on 20 December to win the trophy for a record third time, with Suárez, Messi and Iniesta the top three players of the tournament. The Club World Cup was Barcelona's 20th international title, a record only matched by Egyptian club . By scoring 180 goals in 2015 in all competitions, Barcelona set the record for most goals scored in a calendar year, breaking Real Madrid's record of 178 goals scored in 2014.
On 4 January 2016, Barcelona's transfer ban ended. The same day, they registered 77 players across all categories and ages, and both last summer signings
became eligible to play with the first team. On 10 February, qualifying for the sixth Copa del Rey final in the last eight seasons, Luis Enrique's Barcelona broke the club's record of 28 consecutive games unbeaten in all competitions set by Guardiola's team in the 2010–11 season, with a 1–1 draw with Valencia in the second leg of the . With a 5–1 win at
on 3 March, Barcelona's 35th match unbeaten, the club broke Real Madrid's Spanish record of 34 games unbeaten in all competitions from the
season. After Bar?a reached 39 matches unbeaten, the run has ended on 2 April 2016 with a 2–1 defeat to Real Madrid at Camp Nou. On 14 May 2016, Barcelona won their sixth La Liga title in eight seasons with a 3–0 win in the final day of the season at . On 8 March 2017, Barcelona made the largest comeback in Champions League history in the
in 2nd Leg, beating
by a score of 6–1 (aggregate score 6–5), despite losing the first leg in France by a score of 4–0. On 29 May 2017, former player
was named as Luis Enrique's successor signing a two year contract with an option for a further year.
Fans at the Camp Nou
The nickname culé for a Barcelona supporter is derived from the Catalan cul (English: arse), as the spectators at the first stadium, , sat with their culs over the stand. In Spain, about 25% of the population is said to be Bar?a sympathisers, second behind Real Madrid, supported by 32% of the population. Throughout Europe, Barcelona is the favourite second-choice club. The club's membership figures have seen a significant increase from 100,000 in the 2003–04 season to 170,000 in September 2009, the sharp rise being attributed to the influence of Ronaldinho and then-president 's media strategy that focused on Spanish and English online media.
In addition to membership, as of 2015 there are 1,267 officially registered fan clubs, called penyes, around the world. The fan clubs promote Barcelona in their locality and receive beneficial offers when visiting Barcelona. Among the best supported teams globally, Barcelona has the second highest social media following in the world among sports teams, with over 100 million Facebook fans as of April 2017, just behind Real Madrid. The club has had many prominent people among its supporters, including Pope , who was an honorary member, and former prime minister of Spain . Barcelona has the second highest average attendance of European football clubs only behind .
of this article is . Relevant discussion may be found on the . Please do not remove this message until . (June 2017) ()
Players jostle in Barcelona's 2–6 win against Real Madrid at the
in a 2009 El Clásico
There is often a fierce rivalry between the two strongest teams in a national league, and this is particularly the case in La Liga, where the game between Barcelona and
is known as El Clásico. From the start of national competitions the clubs were seen as representatives of two rival regions in Spain:
and , as well as of the two cities. The rivalry reflects what many regard as the political and cultural tensions felt between
and the , seen by one author as a re-enactment of the .
During the dictatorships of
() and especially of
(), all regional cultures were suppressed. All of the languages spoken in Spanish territory, except Spanish () itself, were officially banned. Symbolising the Catalan people's desire for freedom, Bar?a became 'More than a club' (Més que un club) for the Catalans. According to , the best way for the Catalans to demonstrate their identity was by joining Bar?a. It was less risky than joining a clandestine anti-Franco movement, and allowed them to express their dissidence. During Franco's regime, however, the blaugrana team was granted profit due to its good relationship with the dictator at management level, even giving two awards to him.
On the other hand, Real Madrid was widely seen as the embodiment of the sovereign oppressive
and the fascist regime at management level and beyond: , the former club president for whom
is named, fought on the
during the . During the Spanish Civil War, however, members of both clubs such as
suffered at the hands of Franco supporters.
During the 1950s, the rivalry was exacerbated further when there was a
surrounding the transfer of , who finally played for Real Madrid and was key to their subsequent success. The 1960s saw the rivalry reach the European stage when they met twice in a controversial knock-out round of the European Cup, with Madrid receiving unfavourable treatment from the referee, In 2002, the European encounter between the clubs was dubbed the "Match of The Century" by Spanish media, and Madrid's win was watched by more than 500 million people.
Barcelona fan holding a
flag during
in the 2005–06 season
Bar?a's local rival has always been . Blanc-i-blaus, being one of the clubs granted royal patronage, was founded exclusively by Spanish football fans, unlike the multinational nature of Bar?a's primary board. The founding message of the club was clearly anti-Barcelona, and they disapprovingly saw FC Barcelona as a team of foreigners. The rivalry was strengthened by what Catalonians saw as a provocative representative of Madrid. Their original ground was in the affluent district of .
Traditionally, Espanyol was seen by the vast majority of Barcelona's citizens as a club which cultivated a kind of compliance to the central authority, in stark contrast to Bar?a's revolutionary spirit. Also in the 1960s and 1970s, while FC Barcelona acted as an integrating force for Catalonia's new arrivals from poorer regions of Spain expecting to find a better life, Espanyol drew their support mainly from sectors close to the
such as policemen, military officers, civil servants and career fascists.
In 1918, Espanyol started a counter-petition against autonomy, which at that time had become a pertinent issue. Later on, an Espanyol supporter group would join the Falangists in the Spanish Civil War, siding with the fascists. Despite these differences in ideology, the derbi has always been more relevant to Espanyol supporters than Barcelona ones due to the difference in objectives. In recent years the rivalry has become less political, as Espanyol translated its official name and anthem from Spanish to Catalan.
Though it is the most played local derby in the history of La Liga, it is also the most unbalanced, with Barcelona overwhelmingly . In the primera división league table, Espanyol has only managed to end above Bar?a on three occasions from 81 seasons () and the only all-Catalan Copa del Rey final was won by Bar?a . Espanyol has the consolation of achieving the largest margin win with a 6–0 in 1951, while Barcelona's biggest win was 5–0 on six occasions (in , , 1992 and 2016). Espanyol achieved a 2–1 win against Bar?a during the 2008–09 season, becoming the first team to defeat Barcelona at Camp Nou in their treble-winning .
Barcelona's ultras
semi-final against
Barcelona's rival in European football is Italian club . The team against which Barcelona has played the most matches (19), it is also the second most played match in European competitions, tied with Real Madrid–Juventus and both after Real Madrid–Bayern Munich (24). Two of the most successful clubs in Europe, Milan has won seven European Cups to Bar?a's five, while both clubs have won a record five European Super Cups. Barcelona and Milan have won other continental titles, which make them the second and third most decorated teams in world football, with 20 and 18 titles respectively, both behind Real Madrid's 21.
Barcelona leads the Head-To-Head record with eight wins and five defeats. The first encounter between the two clubs was in the . They faced off in the round of 16 and Bar?a won the tie on a 7–1 aggregate score (0–2 in Milan and 5–1 in Barcelona). While Milan had never knocked Barcelona out of the European Cup, they've beaten 's Dream Team 4–0 in the , despite being the underdogs. In 2013, however, Barcelona made a "historic" comeback from a 0–2 first leg defeat in the round of 16 of the , winning 4–0 at the Camp Nou.
at the socis' entrance of the
Along with Real Madrid, Athletic Bilbao and , Barcelona is organised as a registered association. Unlike a , it is not possible to purchase shares in the club, but only membership. The members of Barcelona, called socis, form an assembly of delegates which is the highest governing body of the club. As of 2016 the club has 140,000 socis.
evaluated Barcelona's worth to be around EUR752 million (US$1 billion), ranking them fourth after Manchester United, Real Madrid and Arsenal, based on figures from the 2008–09 season. According to , Barcelona had a recorded revenue of EUR366 million in the same period, ranking second to Real Madrid, who generated EUR401 million in revenue. In 2013, Forbes magazine ranked Barcelona the third most valuable sports team in the world, behind Real Madrid and Manchester United, with a value of $2.6 billion. In 2014, Forbes ranked them the second most valuable sports team in the world, worth $3.2 billion, and Deloitte ranked them the world's fourth richest football club in terms of revenue, with an annual turnover of EUR484.6 million.
is the club's all-time top-scorer
holds the record for most games played for Barcelona.
presently holds the team record for most number of total games played (767) and the record number of La Liga appearances (505),
comes second with 630 in all competitions and 412 in the League.
Barcelona's all-time highest goalscorer in all competitions (including friendlies) is
with 541 goals, surpassing 's record (369 goals) held for 87 years, as well as being the highest goalscorer in official competitions with 507 goals. He is also the record goalscorer for Barcelona in European (97 goals) and international club competitions (102 goals), and the record league scorer with 349 goals in La Liga. Alongside Messi, three
have managed to score over 100 league goals at Barcelona:
is the club's highest goalscorer in the Copa del Rey, with 65 goals.
László Kubala holds La Liga record of most goals scored in one match, with seven goals against
in . Lionel Messi holds the
record with five goals against
became Bar?a's top goalscorer in a cup game, when he scored seven goals against
Barcelona goalkeepers have won a record number of
(20), with
winning a record five each. Valdés had a ratio of 0.832 goals-conceded-per-game, a La Liga record, and he also holds the record for longest period without conceding a goal (896 minutes) in all competitions for Barcelona.
has the record of best unbeaten start in a season in La Liga history (754 minutes).
Barcelona's longest serving manager is , with nine years in two spells () and (), and
is the club's most successful manager (14 trophies in 4 years). The most successful Barcelona players are
and Messi (30 trophies), surpassing Xavi (25 trophies).
Barcelona's Camp Nou is the
stadium in Europe. The club's highest home attendance was 120,000 in a European Cup quarter-final against
on 3 March 1986. The modernisation of Camp Nou during the 1990s and the introduction of
means the record will not be broken for the foreseeable future as the current capacity of the stadium is 99,354.
El Bar?a de les Cinc Copes is the first team in Spanish football to have won five trophies in a single season (). Barcelona is the only club to have played in every season of European competitions since they started in 1955 counting non-UEFA competition Inter Cities Fair Cup. On 18 December 2009, alongside being the only Spanish club to achieve the , Barcelona became the first ever football team to complete the sextuple. On July 2014, Barcelona signed
from Liverpool for about ?75 million, the highest transfer fee in club history without considering Neymar's one which after Spanish courts investigations raised up to more than ?83 million.
Barcelona's
is ranked by the International Centre for Sports Studies (CIES) as the second academy that produces more top-level players than any other academy in the world just behind Real Madrid.
The first crest worn by Bar?a. The club shared 's coat of arms, as a demonstration of its identification with the city and a desire to be recognised as one.
The club's original crest was a quartered diamond-shaped crest topped by the
and the , and surrounded by two branches, one of a laurel tree and the other a palm. In 1910, the club held a competition among its members to design a new crest. The winner was , who at the time played for the club. Comamala's suggestion became the crest that the club wears today, with some minor variations. The crest consists of the
in the upper-left corner with the Catalan flag beside it, and the team colours at the bottom.
The blue and red colours of the shirt were first worn in a match against
in 1900. Several competing theories have been put forth for the blue and red design of the Barcelona shirt. The son of the first president, , claimed it was the idea of his father as the colours were the same as the
team. Another explanation, according to author Toni Strubell, is that the colours are from Robespierre's . In Catalonia the common perception is that the colours were chosen by Joan Gamper and are those of his home team, . The club's most frequently used change colours have been yellow and orange. An away kit featuring the red and yellow stripes of the
has also been used.
The first kit worn by the club in 1899.
Traditional Barcelona uniform since the 1920s.
The club used horizontal stripes in the
season only.
Prior to the
season, Barcelona had a long history of avoiding corporate sponsorship on the playing shirts. On 14 July 2006, the club announced a five-year agreement with , which includes having the UNICEF logo on their shirts. The agreement had the club donate EUR1.5 million per year to UNICEF (0.7% of its ordinary income, equal to the UN International Aid Target,
) via the FC Barcelona Foundation. The FC Barcelona Foundation is an entity set up in 1994 on the suggestion of then-chairman of the Economical-Statutory Committee, Jaime Gil-Aluja. The idea was to set up a foundation that could attract financial sponsorships to support a non-profit sport company. In 2004, a company could become one of 25 "Honorary members" by contributing between ?40,000–60,000 (?55,400–83,100) per year. There are also 48 associate memberships available for an annual fee of ?14,000 (?19,400) and an unlimited number of "patronages" for the cost of ?4,000 per year (?5,500). It is unclear whether the honorary members have any formal say in club policy, but according to the author Anthony King, it is "unlikely that Honorary Membership would not involve at least some informal influence over the club".
Barcelona ended their refusal of corporate sponsorship prior to the commencement of the 2011–12 season, signing a five-year, EUR150 million deal with Qatar Sports Investments, that meant the
was on the club's shirt for the 2011–12 and 2012–13 seasons, then replaced by
for the 2013–14 season, the deal allowing for a commercial sponsor logo to replace the charity logo, two years into the six-year deal. The deal with Qatar Airways was extended for one more year in 2016.
On 16 November 2016,
signed a $200m deal for global sponsorship with FC Barcelona. It will replace Qatar Airways as the main shirt sponsor till 2020, starting from the 2017/18 season.
manufacturer
Shirt partner
2017–0000
An elevated view of the Camp de Les Corts in 1930. It was the home stadium for Barcelona until the club moved to the Camp Nou in 1957
Barcelona initially played in the . The capacity was about 6,000, and club officials deemed the facilities inadequate for a club with growing membership.
In 1922, the number of supporters had surpassed 20,000 and by lending money to the club, Bar?a was able to build the larger , which had an initial capacity of 20,000 spectators. After the Spanish Civil War the club started attracting more members and a larger number of spectators at matches. This led to several expansion projects: the grandstand in 1944, the southern stand in 1946, and finally the northern stand in 1950. After the last expansion, Les Corts could hold 60,000 spectators.
After the construction was complete there was no further room for expansion at Les Corts. Back-to-back La Liga titles in 1948 and 1949 and the signing of
in June 1950, who would later go on to score 196 goals in 256 matches, drew larger crowds to the games. The club began to make plans for a new stadium. The building of
commenced on 28 March 1954, before a crowd of 60,000 Bar?a fans. The first stone of the future stadium was laid in place under the auspices of Governor Felipe Acedo Colunga and with the blessing of Archbishop of Barcelona Gregorio Modrego. Construction took three years and ended on 24 September 1957 with a final cost of 288 million , 336% over budget.
One of the Camp Nou stands displays Barcelona's motto, "Més que un club", meaning 'More than a club'
In 1980, when the stadium was in need of redesign to meet UEFA criteria, the club raised money by offering supporters the opportunity to inscribe their name on the bricks for a small fee. The idea was popular with supporters, and thousands of people paid the fee. Later this became the centre of controversy when media in Madrid picked up reports that one of the stones was inscribed with the name of long-time Real Madrid chairman and
supporter . In preparation for the
two tiers of seating were installed above the previous roofline. It has a current capacity of 99,354 making it
in Europe.
There are also other facilities, which include:
(FC Barcelona's training ground)
(Residence of young players)
(Home of the reserve team)
(FC Barcelona indoor sports arena)
Palau Blaugrana 2 (Secondary indoor arena of FC Barcelona)
Pista de Gel (FC Barcelona ice rink)
bold under "Titles" indicates a record.
+ shared record
Spanish teams are limited to three players without EU citizenship. The squad list includes only the principal nation several non-European players on the squad have
with an EU country. Also, players from the
that are signatories to the
are not counted against non-EU quotas due to the .
As of 18 August 2017
Barcelona celebrating their
win against
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under . Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under . Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
(on loan to
until 30 June 2018)
(on loan to
until 30 June 2018)
(on loan to
until 30 June 2018)
(on loan to
until 30 June 2018)
(on loan to
until 30 June 2018)
(on loan to
until 30 June 2018)
Head coach
Assistant manager
Jon Aspiazu
Coaching assistant
Fitness coach
José Antonio Pozanco
Antonio Gómez
Goalkeeping coach
Head of international scouting
Ariedo Braida
Head of national scouting
Isidre Ramón
Jesús Casas
Jordi Melero
Jaume Torras
Physiotherapist
Jaume Munill
Juanjo Brau
Xavi López
Xavi Linde
Psychologist
Joaquín Valdés
Ramón Canal
Ricard Pruna
Daniel Medina
Team liaison
Carles Naval
Director of football
Albert Soler
Academy director
Jordi Calsamiglia
Enrique Tombas
Vice secretary
Maria Teixidor
Technical secretary of the football first team
General Manager of footballing
Head of youth football
Last updated: 16 July 2017
is the current club president
President Commission
Ramon Adell
Vice-president and director of social area
Jordi Cardoner
Vice-president and head of institutional area
Carles Vilarrubí
Vice-president and director of sports area
Jordi Mestre
Vice-president and director of marketing and communication area
Manel Arroyo
Commissioner for 'Espai Bar?a'
Jordi Moix
Commissioner for Bar?a Innovation Hub
Jordi Monés
Enrique Tombas
Board secretary
Jordi Calsamiglia
Board vice secretary
Maria Teixidor
Director of sports area (Football)
Javier Bordas
Director of sports area (Basketball)
Joan Bladé
Director of sports area (Futsal)
Josep Ramon Vidal-Abarca
Director of sports area (Youth football)
Silvio Elías
Director of sports area (Non-Professional Youth Football)
Xavier Vilajoana
Director of sports area (Handball)
Joan Bladé
Board Member
Ramon Pont
Board Member
Board Member
Pau Vilanova
Board Member
Emili Rousaud
Board Member
Oriol Tomàs
Last updated: 16 July 2017
Pronounced .
Messi shares the record with
The Copa Eva Duarte was only recognised and organised with that name by the RFEF from 1947 until 1953, and therefore Barcelona's "Copa de Oro Argentina" win of 1945 is not included in this count.
– FC Barcelona Official Page
. Forbes. 11 May 2016.
(PDF). Deloitte UK 2016.
. FC Barcelona.
. IFFHS 2014.
. IFFHS 2015.
. UEFA 2016.
. Marca. Retrieved 15 December 2014
. Straits Times. Archived from
on 3 November 2013.
. FC Barcelona. 12 January .
. CNN. 23 December 2011.
. The Guardian. 25 October 2015.
. Newsweek. 25 October 2015.
. FCBarcelona.
Ball, Phil p. 89.
Carnicero, José Vicente Tejedor (21 May 2010). .
(RSSSF) 2010.
. FC Barcelona 2016.
. FC Barcelona 2010.
. FC Barcelona 2010.
Murray, Bill. p. 30
Closa et al. p. 62–63
Ferrer, Carles Lozano (19 June 2001). .
(RSSSF) 2010.
Spaaij, Ramón. p. 279
(PDF) (in Catalan). Center for Documentation, FC Barcelona 2010.
Arnaud, P Riordan, James. p. 103
. FC Barcelona. Archived from
on 30 May .
Shubert, Adrian. p. 200
Roy, Joaquín (2001). . European Community Studies Association (paper). p. 4.
Burns, Jimmy. pp. 111–112
Arnaud, P Riordan, James. p. 104
Spaaij, Ramón. pp. 280
Ball, Phil. pp. 116–117
Murray, Bill. p. 70
Ball, Phil. pp. 118–120
Raguer, Hilari. pp. 223–225
Graham, Helen. p. 351
Burns, Jimmy. pp. 80–83
. London: The Telegraph. 9 December .
Sid Lowe: Fear and loathing in La Liga.. Barcelona vs Real Madrid". p. 67. Random House. 26 September 2013
Aguilar, Paco (10 December 1998). . . Archived from
on 7 May .
. . Archived from
on 20 July .
Stokkermans, K Gorgazzi, Osvaldo José (23 November 2006). .
(RSSSF) 2010.
. FC Barcelona. 17 May .
Ferrand, A McCarthy, Scott. p. 90
Witzig, Richard. p. 408
Ross, James M. (27 June 2007). .
(RSSSF) 2010.
. FC Barcelona 2010.
. FC Barcelona 2010.
. Eufo.de 2008.
MacWilliam, R MacDonald, Tom. p. 180
Ball, Phil. pp. 83–85
Moore, R Stokkermans, Karel (11 December 2009). .
(RSSSF) 2010.
Lowe, Sid (2013). . Random House.  .
Rogers, Iain (22 October 2009). . Reuters.
. FC Barcelona 2010.
Ball, Phil p. 85
. FC Barcelona. Archived from
on 3 October .
Dobson, S Goddard, John A. p. 180
Spaaij, Ramón p. 291-292
Spaaij, Ramón p. 293
Duff, Alex (18 May 2006). . Bloomberg. Archived from
on 5 November .
Fritz, Barend (et al) (1999). Ajax, Barcelona, Cruyff. Bloomsbury Publishing PLC.  .
Hawkey, Ian (22 March 2009). . London: The Times 2010.
. FC Barcelona. Archived from
on 3 October .
. Financial Times. 25 October 2015.
King, Anthony pp. 185–186
Ball, Phil pp. 110–111
. Sky Sports. 21 March 2015.
. FC Barcelona. 15 June .
. FC Barcelona. 9 September 2013.
. The Guardian. 9 February 2004.
Ball, Phil. p. 19
Ball, Phil. pp. 109–110
. BBC News. 19 December .
McCurdy, Patrick (21 November 2005). . London: The Independent 2010.
. BBC News. 17 May .
. BBC News. 14 February .
. FIFA. 17 December 2006. Archived from
on 12 May .
. FC Barcelona. 8 May .
Pleat, David (28 May 2009). . guardian.co.uk. Guardian News and Media 2016.
Alvarez, Eduardo (14 May 2009). .
. BBC Sport. 27 May .
. . 19 May .
. CNN Sports Illustrated. Associated Press. 23 August 2009. Archived from
on 8 July .
. FC Barcelona. Archived from
on 29 July .
. BBC Sport. 19 December .
Associated Press (21 August 2010). . Canadian Press. Archived from
on 24 August .
. USA Today. 16 May .
. FC Barcelona. FCBarcelona.cat 2011.
. FCBarcelona.cat. FC Barcelona. 19 May .
. FCBarcelona.cat. FC Barcelona. 27 August .
. The Telegraph. 17 July 2010.
BBC Sport. Retrieved 30 May 2011
23 April 2011 at the . Sky Sports. Retrieved 30 May 2011
Phil McNulty (28 May 2011). . BBC 2011.
. SPORT.es. Archived from
on 10 January .
. Sport.es. 26 August 2011. Archived from
on 9 July .
. FC Barcelona. 18 December .
. FC Barcelona. 18 December .
. <. 18 December .
. Video. 2012.
Jenson, Pete (26 April 2012). . The Daily Telegraph. London.
. Soccernet.. 26 April .
. The Daily Telegraph. London. 24 April 2012.
. The Guardian. 25 October 2015.
. FC Barcelona. 11 May .
. BBC. 9 February 2016.
(22 July 2013).
(Tweet) (in Spanish) 2015 – via .
. The Guardian 2014.
. FIFA 2014.
. BBC. Retrieved 30 December 2014
Martin, Richard (17 May 2014). .
. FC Barcelona. 19 May .
. BBC Sport. 19 May .
. BBC Sport. 11 July 2014. Archived from
on 12 July .
. FC Barcelona. 11 July 2014. Archived from
on 12 July .
. . 26 June 2014. Archived from
on 3 July .
De Menezes, Jack (26 June 2014). . The Independent. Archived from
on 12 July .
. . 26 June 2014.
. BBC. Retrieved 5 January 2015
. . 12 February 2015.
. ESPN. Retrieved 8 June 2015
. . 17 May .
. . 17 May .
. . 30 May .
. Daily Telegraph. 6 June .
. The Guardian. 6 June .
. . 20 December 2015.
. <. 23 December 2015.
. . 31 December 2015.
. . 5 January 2016.
. . 11 February 2016.
. . 11 February 2016.
. ESPN FC. 4 March 2016.
. FCBarcelona. 3 March 2016.
. The National. 3 April 2016.
. The Telegraph.
{{Cite web|url= Valverde is the new FC Barcelona coach
(PDF) (in Spanish). Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas. May .
Chadwick, S Arthur, Dave. pp. 4–5.
Aznar, Víctor (19 September 2009).
(in Spanish). SPORT.es. Archived from
on 14 March .
Fisk, Peter. pp. 201–202.
Brott, Steffen. p. 77.
. FC Barcelona. 7 March .
. FC Barcelona. Archived from
on 3 October .
. . Retrieved 24 October 2014
Goff, Steven (29 July 2003). . The Washington Post.
. The New Nation. Associated Press 2010.
. Arxiu.fcbarcelona.cat. 17 May .
Ghemawat, Pankaj. p. 2.
Kleiner-Liebau, Désirée. p. 70.
Phil Ball (21 April 2002). . The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media 2010.
Spaaij, Ramón. p. 251.
(in Spanish). Diario AS 2010.
Abend, Lisa (20 December 2007). . .
from the original on 28 August .
Lowe, Sid (26 March 2001). . The Guardian 2009.
Burns, Jimmy. pp. 31–34.
Narrillos, Martín (23 April 2002).
(in Spanish). El País 2017.
. Guardian. 9 April .
. BBC News. 11 December .
Ball, Phil. pp. 86–87.
Shubert, Arthur. p. 199.
(in Spanish). Hemeroteca Lavanguardia 2010.
. RCD Espanyol 2010.
Missiroli, Antonio (March 2002). . Europa (web portal) 2009.
, September 1997, p. 74.
. FC Barcelona. Archived from
on 31 July .
. UEFA. 20 December 2012.
. Marca. 20 December 2012.
. Mundo Deportivo (Spanish). 12 March 2013.
. FIFA (French). 21 October 2013.
. World Football.
. Sportal.de (German). 25 April 2012. Archived from
on 5 March 2016.
. FCBarcelona. 11 August 2015.
. FCBarcelona. 22 October 2013.
. UEFA. 18 May 1994.
. ESPN FC. 29 March 2012.
. The Telegraph. 13 March 2013.
. El País (Spanish). 12 March 2013.
Peterson, Marc p. 25.
Andreff, W Szymański, Stefan (2006). Handbook on the economics of sport. Edward Elgar Publishing. p.&#160;299. &#160;.
. FCBarcelona. 27 December 2015.
. Forbes. 21 April .
. Forbes. 30 June .
. Deloitte. Archived from
on 5 August .
Badenhausen, Kurt (15 July 2013). . Forbes 2014.
. ESPN. 16 March 2014.
. ESPN FC. 3 October 2011.
(in Spanish). UEFA 2017.
. FCBarcelona. 6 November 2011.
. Sport (Spanish). 20 December 2014.
. FCBarcelona. 19 May 2015.
. FCBarcelona. 21 December 2015.
. FC Barcelona. 2 June 2014. Archived from
on 27 January 2013.
. Arxiu.fcbarcelona.cat 2012.
. Mundo Deportivo (Spanish). 19 December 2015.
. Sport (Spanish). 14 January 2016.
. AS (Spanish). 1 November 2014.
. FCBarcelona. Archived from
on 27 January .
. Forbes. 8 April 2009.
. Sky Sports. 6 June 2015.
. FIFA. 23 December .
. The Guardian. 11 July 2014.
. The Independent. 16 July 2014.
. ESPN. 2 February .
. Sporting Intelligence. 1 November 2016.
. FC Barcelona. Archived from
on 14 May 2016.
Ball, Phil p. 90.
Ball, Phil pp. 90–91.
. FC Barcelona. Archived from
on 21 April 2016.
. FC Barcelona. Archived from
on 9 May 2016.
. FC Barcelona.
. FC Barcelona. .
Desbordes, Michel p. 195.
inflation figures are based on data from Gregory Clark (2016), "", .
King, Anthony pp. 123–24.
"". . 10 December 2010. Retrieved 22 December 2010.
"". 'Football Shirts News. 17 November 2012. Retrieved 19 November 12.
"". 23 July 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2016.
Santacana, Carles (14 March 2009).
(in Catalan). FC Barcelona. Archived from
on 4 August .
. FC Barcelona. Archived from
on 1 August .
Farred, Grant. p. 124.
Eaude, Michael. p. 104.
Ball, Phil pp. 20–21.
Ball, Phil pp. 121–22.
Murray, Bill. p. 102.
Snyder, John. pp. 81–2.
(in Spanish). FC Barcelona. 2009. Archived from
on 23 May .
. . Archived from
on 20 July .
. < (in Spanish) 2017.
Carnicero, José; Torre, Raúl; Ferrer, Carles Lozano (25 August 2016). . Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF) 2017.
Torre, Raúl (29 January 2009). .
(RSSSF) 2010.
(UEFA) 2010.
. . Archived from
on 20 August .
. . Archived from
on 1 May .
. FIFA. Archived from
on 16 May .
. FC Barcelona 2016.
Arnaud, P Riordan, James (1998). Sport and international politics. Taylor & Francis. &#160;.
Ball, Phill (2003). Morbo: The Story of Spanish Football. WSC Books Limited. &#160;.
Burns, Jimmy (1998). Bar?a: A People's Passion. . &#160;.
Chadwick, S Arthur, Dave (2007). International cases in the business of sport. Butterworth-Heinemann. &#160;.
Desbordes, Michael (2007). Marketing and football: an international perspective. Butterworth-Heinemann. &#160;.
Dobson, S Goddard, John A. (2001). The economics of football. Cambridge University Press. &#160;.
Eaude, Michael (2008). Catalonia: a cultural history. Oxford University Press. &#160;.
Ferrand, A McCarthy, Scott (2008). Marketing the Sports Organisation: Building Networks and Relationships. Taylor & Francis. &#160;.
Fisk, Peter (2008). Business Genius: A More Inspired Approach to Business Growth. John Wiley and Sons. &#160;.
Ghemawat, Pankaj (2007). Redefining global strategy: crossing borders in a world where differences still matter. Harvard Business Press. p.&#160;2. &#160;.
Farred, Grant (2008). Long distance love: a passion for football. Temple University Press. &#160;.
Ferrand, A McCarthy, Scott (2008). Marketing the Sports Organisation: Building Networks and Relationships. Taylor & Francis. &#160;.
King, Anthony (2003). The European ritual: football in the new Europe. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. &#160;.
Kleiner-Liebau, Désirée (2009). Migration and the Construction of National Identity in Spain. 15. Iberoamericana Editorial. &#160;.
Murray, Bill (1998). The world's game: a history of soccer. University of Illinois Press. &#160;.
Peterson, Marc (2009). The Integrity of the Game and Shareholdings in European Football Clubs. GRIN Verlag. &#160;.
Raguer, Hilari (2007). The Catholic Church and the Spanish Civil War. 11. Routledge. &#160;.
Shubert, Adrian (1990). A social history of modern Spain. Routledge. &#160;.
Snyder, John (2001). Soccer's most wanted: the top 10 book of clumsy keepers, clever crosses, and outlandish oddities. Brassey's. &#160;.
Spaaij, Ramón (2006). Understanding football hooliganism: a comparison of six Western European football clubs. Amsterdam University Press. &#160;.
Witzig, Richard (2006). The Global Art of Soccer. Cu