王者荣耀垃圾v10垃圾了,3799元刚入手一个月就出现屏幕失灵,打游戏,那个简直想摔了!建议谨慎购买!

&p&上大学时给个小女孩当英语家教,有一天她问了我个问题:&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&“老师,dust是个非常特别的词哦,你知道原因吗?”&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&“有什么特别的?不就是粉末的意思嘛”(困惑脸)&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&“哈哈,不知道吧,dust同时是自己的反义词。比如“dust the bookshelves”是将灰尘从书架上扫落,而“dust the cake with icing sugar”却是在蛋糕上撒糖粉。dust既可以表示从物体表面上扫掉粉尘,又能表示在物体表面撒上粉尘,它就是自己的反义词,是不是很特别呢?”&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&“……是呀,很特别”&/p&&p&当时心里就咯噔了一下,因为学了那么多年英语,从来不知道到单词有这么有趣的一个特性。&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&回到宿舍在网络上查了一夜,原来这类词叫auto-antonym,特性就是自身有两个正好相反的含义,&a href=&//link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auto-antonym& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&Wikipedia&/a&上就有一些好玩的例子:&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&blockquote&&&b&Black&/b&& can mean &good for the economy& (as in Black Friday) or &bad for the economy& (as in Black Tuesday).&br&&br&&&b&Cleave&/b&& can mean &to cling& or &to split apart.&&br&&br&&&b&Off&/b&& can mean &activated& / &beginning to make a noise& (e.g. &The alarm went off&) or &deactivated& / &ceasing operation& (e.g. &The alarm turned off by itself&).&br&&br&&&b&Screen&/b&& can mean &to show& or &to conceal”.&br&&br&&&b&Let&/b&& can mean &allow& or &prevent& (Hamlet says, &I'll make a ghost of him that lets me.&&/blockquote&&p&&br&&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&第二天见到小女孩,特别向她道了谢。&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&在自己很熟悉的领域下,突然遇到一个新鲜且有趣的事物,真的会让人心头一动。&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&希望以后也能经常体会到这种心动的感觉&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&———————————————&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&了解更多学习英语的好方法,请戳我的专栏:&a href=&https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/adingdemao& class=&internal&&英语语法其实蛮简单&/a&&/p&
上大学时给个小女孩当英语家教,有一天她问了我个问题: “老师,dust是个非常特别的词哦,你知道原因吗?” “有什么特别的?不就是粉末的意思嘛”(困惑脸) “哈哈,不知道吧,dust同时是自己的反义词。比如“dust the bookshelves”是将灰尘从书架上扫…
&p&备考英语竞赛我主要分为几个方面:&/p&&p&一、词汇:17年官方指南附录一P185-P232是考试词汇表,有标记重要程度,建议把标记的词汇多看几遍,不会的单词用有道词典的相机扫描(比我手动输入快)来查。我看的是GRE词汇以及真题中出现的不会的词汇(考前一个月才入手新版指南,只看到了C开头部分)。&/p&&p&&a href=&//link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzU0NDMwMjI2OA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3Da144ffab87ea29d6f36c748%26chksm%3Dfb7f02b5e987a865fa46fd4c1b5bbd0b0b%23rd& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&2018年英语竞赛知识点整理之单词篇&/a&&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&官网18年1月1日已出2018年版全国大英赛官方考试指南上市的通知!!!我去年等到了3月份是几个意思!!!&/p&&p&&a href=&//link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//www.chinaneccs.org/nd.jsp%3Fid%3D120& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&2018年版全国大英赛官方考试指南正式上市! - 全国大学生英语竞赛官网&/a&&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&二、听力:下载BBC News、CNN,想玩手机的时候顺便看几则新闻听几段听力,一段没懂得就把这段多听几遍。&/p&&p&&a href=&//link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzU0NDMwMjI2OA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D76e67df37a98dchksm%3Dfb7f74b1cc08fda7b49f5f60efecf8e29e95ce3abfaef99c78ace%23rd& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&2018年英语竞赛知识点整理之听力篇&/a&&/p&&p&三、作文:真题作文训练,掐准时间,25-30分钟大小作文。有范文参考,总结出自己熟悉的大致模板,条理清楚。先多看范文总结出模板再做真题作文练习效率会高些。&/p&&p&在作文的准备中,长线准备可以细分为短语积累和句子积累。&/p&&p&&a href=&//link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzU0NDMwMjI2OA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D8bc03a8c3bded%26chksm%3Dfb7f74e2cc08fdf4574ecc8cafb1fd3a4b226a28d58de78dd4f037e8ee6c55b839%23rd& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&2018年英语竞赛知识点整理之作文篇&/a&&/p&&p&四、真题:其他题型,看时间训练,尤其是阅读和翻译,真题认真对待,练习后及时总结,从年份远的到年份近的,靠前留1-2套完整真题进行考前模拟。&/p&&p&&a href=&//link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzU0NDMwMjI2OA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D16bf3eea66d36a910dfedc0%26chksm%3Dfb7f74ebcc08fdfdd4bcf42db9b07adb6eace4dfdb1%23rd& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&2018年英语竞赛知识点整理之翻译篇&/a&&/p&&p&&a href=&//link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/s%3F__biz%3DMzU0NDMwMjI2OA%3D%3D%26mid%3D%26idx%3D1%26sn%3D6dbc3e3ba727ce7echksm%3Dfb7f74b9cc08fdaff9c2cd4acfa8f70b5b6dc80f4bd02319%23rd& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&2018年英语竞赛知识点整理之翻译篇(二)&/a&&/p&&p&“词汇和语法部分包含15道四选一的小题,旧题型为词汇、语法及文化知识,2017年竞赛赛题将不再将文化知识作为考查点出题进行考查,而是将文化知识内容更多地浸入到各类题型的题干材料当中。所以将不会再出现小伙伴们被问及米国某任总统的姓名或腐国第二长河流之类问题后一脸懵逼的尴尬场景。”&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&到考前一个月,真题除了留的一两套,其他都做完了,有了考题记忆并且没有新鲜感了,所以进入查漏补缺阶段,一个一个体型来总结答题套路,比如先阅读文章还是先看题。17年英语竞赛初赛体型和往年有小范围改动,官网会公布,官方指南上也有题型最终版,做到心中有数。&/p&&p&和大家互相分享和学习。&/p&
备考英语竞赛我主要分为几个方面:一、词汇:17年官方指南附录一P185-P232是考试词汇表,有标记重要程度,建议把标记的词汇多看几遍,不会的单词用有道词典的相机扫描(比我手动输入快)来查。我看的是GRE词汇以及真题中出现的不会的词汇(考前一个月才入手…
&p&谢邀!&/p&&p&It's a good question. Actually, we were not allowed to use &I& or &me& in high school when writing essays.&/p&&p&How to&/p&&ul&&li&&b&use other people's ideas, but put them in your own words and use citations to acknowledge the person's work&/b&&/li&&ul&&li&I think swimming is healthy, because it uses my whole body.&/li&&li&&i&Swimming is healthy, because it uses the whole body (Smieth, 2011).&/i&&/li&&/ul&&li&&b&use &one& instead of &I&&/b&&/li&&ul&&li&I enjoy swimming, because it is fun.&/li&&li&&i&One may enjoy swimming, because it is fun.&/i&&/li&&li&&i&People enjoy swimming, because it is fun.&/i&&/li&&li&&i&Some enjoy swimming, because it is fun.&/i&&/li&&/ul&&li&&b&state things as facts rather than opinions (you need to be careful with this, because you don't want to make absolute statements like &everyone loves swimming&. Avoid this by adding &may&, &can&, and &tend to&.)&/b&&/li&&ul&&li&My favourite pets are dogs, because they are very friendly and loving.&/li&&li&&i&Dogs make wonderful pets, because they tend to be friendly and loving.&/i&&/li&&/ul&&li&&b&use passive voice&/b&&/li&&ul&&li&I did a survey to show how many people like dogs as pets.&/li&&li&&i&A survey was done to show how many people like dogs as pets.&/i&&/li&&/ul&&li&&b&make the essay do everything&/b&&/li&&ul&&li&In this essay, I will explain why so many people like dogs as pets.&/li&&li&&i&This essay will explain why so many people like dogs as pets.&/i&&/li&&/ul&&/ul&&p&&b&The answer is hoped to be helpful! &/b&:p&/p&&p&*********************************&/p&&p&栗子的知乎答案索引:&b&&a href=&https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/& class=&internal&&栗子树&/a&&/b&&/p&&p&栗子的微信公众号:&b&&a href=&//link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/mp/homepage%3F__biz%3DMzI4NjQ2Njg2Nw%3D%3D%26hid%3D2%26sn%3Db99ae0c19c5c2f6bb162%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&E-Speller&/a&&/b& 或者 &b&&a href=&//link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//mp.weixin.qq.com/mp/homepage%3F__biz%3DMzI4NjQ2Njg2Nw%3D%3D%26hid%3D2%26sn%3Db99ae0c19c5c2f6bb162%23wechat_redirect& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&栗子英文&/a&&/b& (只有精彩的原创)&/p&&p&********************************* &/p&&p&&/p&
谢邀!It's a good question. Actually, we were not allowed to use "I" or "me" in high school when writing essays.How touse other people's ideas, but put them in your own words and use citations to acknowledge the person's workI think swimm…
&figure&&img src=&https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-113b247c7da3a246a27b_b.jpg& data-rawwidth=&500& data-rawheight=&334& class=&origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb& width=&500& data-original=&https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-113b247c7da3a246a27b_r.jpg&&&/figure&&p&提笔忘字,一个单词一篇文章重复不下十遍,就是不知道该怎么替换?&/p&&p&各类词汇,多做储备;各类文章多做输入,何愁不会才思如泉涌?&/p&&p&下面,给你整理了英语写作中常用的同义词替换,赶紧背起来!&/p&&h2&&b&形容词&/b&
&/h2&&blockquote&贫穷的:poor 、 needy 、 impoverished 、 poverty-stricken=destitute
&br&富裕的:rich 、 wealthy 、 affluent 、 well-to-do 、 well-off
&br&优秀的:excellent 、 eminent 、 top 、 outstanding
&br&积极的,好的:good 、 conducive 、 beneficial、advantageous
&br&消极的,不良的:bad 、 detrimental、 baneful 、undesirable &br&明显的:obvious 、 apparent 、 evident 、manifest
&br&健康的: healthy 、 robust 、 sound 、 wholesome
&br&惊人的:surprising 、 amazing 、 extraordinary 、 miraculous
&br&美丽的:beautiful 、 attractive 、 gorgeous 、 eye-catching &br&有活力的:energetic 、 dynamic 、 vigorous 、animated
&/blockquote&&h2&&b&动词&/b&
&/h2&&blockquote&提高,加强:improve 、 enhance、 promote 、 strengthen 、 optimize
&br&引起:cause 、 trigger 、 endanger
&br&解决:solve 、resolve 、address 、 tackle 、cope with 、 deal with &br&拆除:destroy 、 tear down 、 knock down 、 eradicate
&br&培养:develop 、 cultivate 、 foster 、 nurture
&br&激发,鼓励:encourage 、 motivate 、 stimulate 、 spur &br&认为: think 、 assert、 hold 、 claim 、 argue
&br&完成:complete 、 fulfill 、 accomplish、 achieve
&br&保留:keep 、 preserve 、 retain 、 hold
&br&有害于:destroy 、 impair 、 undermine 、 jeopardize
&/blockquote&&h2&&b&名词&/b&
&/h2&&blockquote&影响:influence、 impact
&br&危险:danger 、 perils 、hazard
&br&污染:pollution 、 contamination &br&人类:human beings、 mankind 、 human race
&br&老人: old people、 the old 、 the elderly 、 the aged 、 senior citizens &br&幸福:happiness 、 cheerfulness 、 well-being
&br&老师:teachers 、 instructors 、 educators 、 lecturers
&br&教育:education 、 schooling 、 family parenting 、 upbringing
&br&青少年:young people 、 youngsters 、 youths 、 adolescents
&br&优点:advantage 、 merits 、 superiority 、 virtue &/blockquote&&h2&&b&短语&/b&
&/h2&&blockquote&充满了:be filled with 、 be awash with 、 be inundate with 、 be saturated with
&br&努力:struggle for 、 aspire after 、 strive for 、 spare no efforts for &br&从事: embark on 、 take up 、 set about 、 go in for
&br&在当代: in contemporarysociety 、 in present-day society、 in this day and age
&br&大量的:a host of 、 a multitude of 、 a vast number of 、 a vast amount of
&/blockquote&&h2&&b&插入语&/b&
&/h2&&blockquote&indeed的确,
&br&surely无疑,
&br&however然而,
&br&obviously显然,
&br&frankly坦率地说,
&br&naturally自然,
&br&luckily (或happily)for sb算某人幸运,
&br&fortunately、luckily幸好,
&br&honestly真的,
&br&briefly简单地说、
&/blockquote&&h2&★其它&/h2&&blockquote&individuals、characters、 folks替换people 、persons
&br&positive、 favorable、 rosy (美好的),promising (有希望的) perfect、 pleasurable、 excellent、 outstanding、 superior替换good
&br&dreadful、 unfavorable、 poor、 adverse、 ill (有害的)替换bad 如果bad做表语,可以be less impressive替换
&br&Eg. An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games、 enjoying romance with girls、boys or killing time passively in their dorms When it approaches to graduation 、as a result、 they find their academic records are less impressive
(an army of、 an ocean of、 a sea of、 a multitude of 、a host of、 many、 if not most)替换many
&br&注:用many、 if not most 一定要小心,many后一定要有词。
&br&Eg Many individuals、 if not most、 harbor the idea that…同理 用most、 if not all 、替换most
&br&a slice of、 quiet a few 、 several替换some
&br&harbor the idea that、 take the attitude that、 hold the view that、 it is widely shared that、 it is universally acknowledged that)替think (因为是书面语,所以要加that)
&br&affair 、business 、matter 替换thing
&br&shared 代 common
&/blockquote&&p&词汇有点多,篇幅有点长,每一种类型先更一部分,大家可以先背起来。想要提前看全篇的可以私信我!&/p&&p&And,有帮助的记得点个赞喔!&/p&
提笔忘字,一个单词一篇文章重复不下十遍,就是不知道该怎么替换?各类词汇,多做储备;各类文章多做输入,何愁不会才思如泉涌?下面,给你整理了英语写作中常用的同义词替换,赶紧背起来!形容词 贫穷的:poor 、 needy 、 impoverished 、 poverty-strick…
Rosetta stone&br&&figure&&img data-rawheight=&300& src=&https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-de0281819ecc4dafb38b30c_b.jpg& data-rawwidth=&590& class=&origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb& width=&590& data-original=&https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-de0281819ecc4dafb38b30c_r.jpg&&&/figure&&br&迄今为止最强大的语言学习软件没有之一!&br&秒天秒地秒空气的存在!&br&想学任何语言,有这一个软件就足够了。&br&模仿母语的学习过程和学习环境,就是“啪!”给你一张图,给你显示一个词并朗读一遍,然后你跟读一遍,软件通过语音识别你的发音是否正确。&br&至于这个词什么意思,你得自己看图理解,从头到尾没有任何翻译!&br&然后就是不断的变化组合重复,&br&比如你学了白色红色苹果和鸡蛋,接着就是选词对应图片,白色的鸡蛋,红色的鸡蛋,红色的苹果。然后骚事情来了:最后一张图是绿色的苹果……于是你得根据已学的“苹果”把新词和“绿色”对应起来……&br&然后你学了一些课程之后就会出现前三张图电脑给你形容一遍(文字+朗读),然后最后一张图啥都不告诉你,你自己根据前面几张图的句式,说一句话形容这张图片,语音识别会告诉你对不对。&br&不劳你费心,跟着学完一课保证你记忆深刻,而且还根据你的遗忘曲线会在日后的课程中冷不丁的给你插入复习。&br&听说读写全面训练~&br&&figure&&img data-rawheight=&300& src=&https://pic3.zhimg.com/v2-e745c3ddd_b.jpg& data-rawwidth=&400& class=&content_image& width=&400&&&/figure&&br&&br&没有课外内容&br&没有课后作业&br&你就当个傻子跟着学就够了&br&学完之后&br&说这门外语就如同说母语一样流利(而且地道),听老外说话就也如同听母语一样流畅,根本不存在“脑内翻译”的过程。&br&真的,一辈子都不会忘~&br&&br&各种小语种都有~&br&感动到流泪~!&br&&br&哦对了,这款软件本来是电脑上的软件,Windows和Mac版都有,也都有破解版,所有语言包都有。现在也出了手机APP,安卓好像有破解,苹果貌似没有破解版(iphone的话得登录别人的apple id下载软件然后恢复购买,但是你敢么?小心被人锁机敲诈哦)。&br&破解版百度一下到处都是~麻烦您自己走点心去找&br&图省事上淘宝买一个&br&伸手党咱们值乎见!&br&(我只有win&mac版和语言包,没有安卓版。ios请去App Store买正版)&br&&br&亲爱的们&br&看完记得点赞,放心,我这么真诚可爱的人是不会坑你的?( ?o ·? o ?) 喵&br&&br&&br&……………………………………………………………………&br&伸手党滚粗!&br&别跟我私信要资源,自己网上找去,多的是!!&br&&figure&&img data-rawheight=&2048& src=&https://pic3.zhimg.com/v2-b8aed3b2f74cac1fcf3b0a_b.png& data-rawwidth=&1152& class=&origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb& width=&1152& data-original=&https://pic3.zhimg.com/v2-b8aed3b2f74cac1fcf3b0a_r.jpg&&&/figure&&br&我就懒得找,所以我是淘宝买的资源,你要懒得找就也去淘宝买!要么你就买正版去!!&br&&figure&&img data-rawwidth=&1152& data-rawheight=&2048& src=&https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-082abc47d9a5fc_b.png& class=&origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb& width=&1152& data-original=&https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-082abc47d9a5fc_r.jpg&&&/figure&&br&&br&再私信我要资源一律拉黑&br&非亲非故的&br&不惯这臭毛病!&br&………………………………………………………………
Rosetta stone 迄今为止最强大的语言学习软件没有之一! 秒天秒地秒空气的存在! 想学任何语言,有这一个软件就足够了。 模仿母语的学习过程和学习环境,就是“啪!”给你一张图,给你显示一个词并朗读一遍,然后你跟读一遍,软件通过语音识别你的发音是否…
已写作7分。送大家“&b&史上最全逻辑连接词&/b&”!&br&&br&这是自己备考雅思过程中总结的,也附带了一些常用词组与句式。其中不少是从英文原著中总结的地道表达,比如《Justice, what's the right thing to do》。尤其是逻辑连接词,掌握后,就达到了“独上高楼,望尽天涯路”的境界,哈哈,之后就用起来随心所欲不逾矩了.&br&&br&因为雅思作文重在论述,论述重在逻辑,逻辑的表现就是逻辑连接词。灵活而不重样地使用这些词汇,既代表着语法的游刃有余,也代表着逻辑的清晰明了。&br&&br&&b&喂喂喂,收藏量是点赞量两倍多。。。&/b&&br&&b&I'm vely vely angly `#_#`&/b&&br&&b&收藏的同时顺手点个赞呗。。。&/b&&br&&br&&figure&&img data-rawheight=&433& src=&https://pic4.zhimg.com/b884ce5a0037_b.png& data-rawwidth=&350& class=&content_image& width=&350&&&/figure&&br&&br&&b&******************************************PART 1 逻辑连接词*******************************************&/b&&br&&br&&p&&u&&b&###1.1 让步&/b&&b&###&/b&&/u&&br&&/p&&br&&p&1. &b&Although&/b&(更书面)= &b&though&/b&(更口语) =&b&even if &/b&(即使,更偏假设性)=&b&even though&/b&(虽然,更偏事实性)+句子&br&&/p&&p&注:不能与but连用。&/p&&p&&b&Devoted though&/b& we are to prosperity and freedom, we cannot shake off the judgmental strand of justice.用倒装&/p&&p&2. &b&No matter how/what/who&/b&等= &b&疑问句&/b&&b&+ever&/b&&/p&&p&&b&No matter who/Whoever&/b& you are, you must keep the law.&/p&&p&注意:疑问句+ever 可以引导名词性从句&/p&&p&&b&Whoever&/b&(≠ no matter who)comes will be welcome.&/p&&p&3. …, &b&as long as&/b&…&/p&&p&You can do what you want, &b&as long as&/b& you like.&/p&&p&4. &b&名词&/b&&b&/&/b&&b&表语&/b&&b&/&/b&&b&动词&/b&&b&+ as&/b&&b&(&/b&&b&though&/b&&b&)倒装&/b&,。。。,表“纵使”&/p&&p&Object &b&as/though&/b& you may, I’ll go。&/p&&p&Small&b& as&/b& atoms are, they are made up of still smaller units。&/p&&p&Lover of towns&b& as &/b&I am, I realize that I owe a debt to my early country life.&/p&&p&5. &b&Whether…or…&/b& 正反两方面,。。。表“不论。。。与否”&/p&&p&&b&Whether &/b&you believe it &b&or not&/b&, it's true.&/p&&p&You'll have to attend the ceremony &b&whether &/b&you're free &b&or&/b& busy.&/p&&p&6. &b&Be&/b&&b&原型&/b&&b&+&/b&&b&主语&/b&&b&+&/b&&b&表语(&/b&&b&n, adj&/b&&b&)&/b&&b&= whether+&/b&&b&主语&/b&&b&+be&/b&&b&动词&/b&&b&+&/b&&b&表语(&/b&&b&n, adj&/b&&b&)&/b&。不论。一文学性强的虚拟语气,表让步。&/p&&p&&b&Be it &/b&historical tradition, faith and culture, or social system, values and level of development, those countries or regions are often different from one another.&/p&&br&&p&7.&b& Despite&/b&+n/ving =&b& in spite of&/b& 尽管. (不能加句子)&/p&&p&Despite the fact that + 句子(太累赘)&/p&&p&Despite myself, … 情不自禁地…&/p&&p&Her words were so satirical(讽刺的)that I lost my temper&b& in spite of&/b& myself。&/p&&p&8. &b&Notwithstanding +sth&/b&尽管&/p&&p&But &b&notwithstanding &/b&its ancient lineage, it is open to the following challenge.&/p&&p&9. &b&Albeit &/b&虽然即使&/p&&p&You are to be given one method of communication with your rival, &b&albeit &/b&indirect communication.&/p&&br&&br&&p&&u&&b&###1.2 原因&/b&&b&###&/b&&/u&&/p&&br&&p&&b&Since&/b&&/p&&p&&b&As&/b&&/p&&p&&b&Because&/b&&/p&&p&&b&For&/b&+句子&/p&&br&&p&&b&As a result of sth&/b&. =&b&As a consequence of sth&/b&由于sth, sth是原因。&/p&&p&&b&Because of&/b&&br&&/p&&p&&b&Owing to sth &/b&&b&介词&/b&&br&&/p&&p&&b&Thanks to...&/b&后面原因一般是积极性的&/p&&p&&b&By virtue of sth&/b&&/p&&p&&b&On account of&/b&&/p&&br&&b&Be due to&/b&&br&&p&&b&Owe to sth &/b&动词&br&&/p&&p&&b&Account for=result in &/b&表示导致&/p&&p&Systematic economic forces account for the disastrous loses.&/p&&p&&b&Attribute…to…&/b&把。。。归因于。。。&/p&&p&He attributed the opposition to a deep-seated attitude in military.&/p&&p&&b&Sth would explain why …&/b&&/p&&br&&p&&b&For this reason,...&/b&&br&&/p&&p&&b&For one reason or another, &/b&由于某种原因(不具体指明)&br&&/p&&p&His travel articles are always, for one reason or another, fascinating.&br&&/p&&p&&b&For one thing&/b&, 在众多原因中指出其中一个&/p&&p&A lot of people don’t take the time to read contracts. For one thing, they’re often in very tiny print.&br&&/p&&p&&b&On this/that&/b&&b& account,&/b& 由于这个、那个原因&br&&/p&&p&She was divorced, and on that account alone my mother disliked her.&/p&&br&&p&&b&The reason why+&/b&&b&结果&/b&&b&/ that+&/b&&b&原因 &/b&&/p&&p&Greed is the reason why they do not deserve the money.&/p&&br&&br&&p&&u&&b&###1.3 结果###&/b&&/u&&br&&/p&&br&&p&&b&Accordingly=&/b&&b&Consequently&/b&&br&&/p&&br&&p&&b&原因+Result in+结果&/b&&br&&/p&&p&This outcome will result in children starting bullying younger ones.&/p&&br&&p&&b&Thus&/b&&/p&&p&&b&Hence&/b&&/p&&p&&b&So&/b&&/p&&p&&b&Therefore&/b&&/p&&p&Excessive greed is therefore a vice that a good society should discourage if it can.&/p&&br&&p&&b&As such&/b&&br&&/p&&p&&b&As a result &/b&最终,因此,结果&/p&&p&&b&As a consequence/In consequence,...&/b&&/p&&br&&br&&p&&u&&b&###1.4 目的&/b&&b&###&/b&&/u&&/p&&br&&p&&b&So&/b&&/p&&p&&b&So that&/b&&/p&&p&Should law be neutral towards competing conceptions of virtue, so that people can be free to choose for themselves the best way to live?&/p&&p&&b& In order that&/b&&br&&/p&&p&Regular checks are required in order that safety standards are maintained.&br&&/p&&br&&p&&b&To do sth,…&/b&&/p&&p&To answer it, we have to explore the meaning of justice.&br&&/p&&p&&b&In order to do sth&/b&&/p&&p&In order to determine who deserves what, we have to determine what virtues are worthy of honor and reward.&/p&&br&&p&&b&For the sake of sth=&/b&&b&For sth’s sake&/b&&b& 为了sth的目的&/b&&/p&&p&I hope you’re not doing this just for the sake of the money.&/p&&p&For clarity’s sake, I’d like to reword my statement.&/p&&br&&br&&p&&u&&b&###&/b&&b&1.5 转折&/b&&b&###&/b&&/u&&/p&&br&&p&&b&However,&/b&&/p&&p&&b&Yet &/b&&b&轻微转折&/b&&/p&&p&And yet we worry when judgments about virtue finds their way into laws.&/p&&p&&b&Whereas&/b&&/p&&p&&b&Conversely&/b&&/p&&p&&b&Nevertheless&/b&&/p&&p&&b&Otherwise, &/b&否则&/p&&p&&b&On the contrary&/b&&br&&/p&&p&&b&Instead,&/b&表示对上述方式的完全反转&/p&&p&Instead, a just society respects each people’s freedom to choose his or her own conception of the&br&good life.&/p&&p&&b&Contrarily&/b&&/p&&p&&b&Inversely&/b&&/p&&p&&b&Contrariwise&/b&&/p&&p&&b&Oppositely,&/b&&/p&&br&&p&&b&Instead of sth&/b&&br&&/p&&p&&b&As opposed to&/b& 表示与前述对象的反转对比&br&&/p&&p&The cost of these planes is ?3 million, as opposed to the ?2 million charged by their competitors.&br&&/p&&br&&p&&b&While &/b&引导从句,表明前后情况不同,做个对比&br&&/p&&p&&b&Rather than. &/b&并不是、而不、并没有, 前后对等&/p&&p&Be honest rather than clever.诚实胜于机巧。&/p&&p&This policy might lead them to stay in harm’s way rather than flee to safety.&/p&&p&Rather than press for maximum advantages, people look out for one another.&/p&&br&&br&&p&&u&&b&###&/b&&b&1.6对比&/b&&b&###&/b&&/u&&br&&/p&&br&&p&&b&While &/b&既可以对比相反的东西,也可以对比稍有不同的&/p&&p&Ancient theories start with virtue while modern theories start with freedom. &/p&&br&&p&&b&On the other hand,&/b&&br&&/p&&p&&b&By/In comparison/contrast &/b&对比之下&/p&&p&Their lives were ex ours seemed dull by comparison.&/p&&p&The virtue argument, by contrast, rests on the judgment that greed is a vice that state should&br&discourage.&br&&/p&&p&&b&Alternatively,&/b&提供另一种思路或方法建议&br&&/p&&br&&p&&b&In/By comparison with sth&/b&介词&/p&&p&This essay will briefly review the cons and pros of imprisonment in comparison with job training.&/p&&p&By comparison with the lively teenagers, the adults were a joyless lot.&br&&/p&&br&&p&&b&Compared with/to&/b&&/p&&br&&br&&p&&u&&b&###&/b&&b&1.7 类比&/b&&b&###&/b&&/u&&/p&&br&&p&&b&Just as/like&/b&&/p&&p&&b&Similarly,&/b&&/p&&p&&b&Likewise,&/b&&/p&&p&&b&Identically,&/b&&/p&&p&&b&Equivalently,&/b&&/p&&br&&p&&b&As …as&br&&/b&&/p&&p&They have sacrificed as surely, and as honorably, as those who have lost a limb.&/p&&p&&b&The same as&/b&&/p&&p&Tourists find this park just the same as the one they visited previously.&/p&&br&&p&&b&In the same way/manner&/b&&/p&&br&&br&&p&&u&&b&###&/b&&b&1.8 递进&/b&&b&###&/b&&/u&&/p&&br&&p&&b&Further&/b&&/p&&p&&b&Furthermore&/b&&/p&&p&&b&Besides,&/b&&br&&/p&&p&&b&Moreover&/b&&br&&/p&&p&&b&In addition to sth,&/b&&/p&&p&In addition to outlining the causes of this problem, this essay will also propose solutions.&/p&&p&&b&In addition,&/b&&br&&/p&&p&&b&What’s more&/b&&/p&&p&&b&Apart from B…&/b&其有两个意思,既可以:除了B(包括B),也表示:除了B(不包括B)&/p&&p&&b&Additionally,&/b&&br&&/p&&br&&br&&p&&u&&b&###&/b&&b&1.9 举例&/b&&b&###&/b&&/u&&/p&&br&&p&&b&The likes of &/b&&b&就像&/b&&/p&&p&&b&Such as
&/b&&/p&&p&&b&Like&/b&&/p&&p&Their purchases of necessities like safe lodging are forced.&/p&&p&&b&Including&/b&, 包括&/p&&p&&b&e.g.
&/b&直接加sth,中间没有逗号&/p&&br&&p&&b&…is a case in point. &/b&正在点儿上,指例子可以很好地阐述这个观点&/p&&p&&b&Here is a case where…&/b&指出例子&/p&&p&Here is a case where the economy as a whole seemed to outweigh considerations of fairness.&/p&&p&&b&Take ... as an example&/b& 以。。。为例&/p&&br&&p&&b&In some instances. &/b&在某些情况中&br&&/p&&p&&b&For instances,&/b&&/p&&p&&b&For example,&/b&&/p&&br&&br&&p&&u&&b&###&/b&&b&1.10 假设&/b&&b&###&/b&&/u&&/p&&br&&p&&b&If&/b&&/p&&p&If its price is higher, manufacturers will find it worth their while to produce more goods.&/p&&p&&b&Given/provided/providing+&/b&&b&名词/that 从句&/b&, 考虑到、假如&/p&&p&You can go out to play provided that you finish your homework first.&/p&&p&It’s a lot easier to get good marks on a short-answer question, providing you do it well.&/p&&p&&b&Only if&/b&,唯有,唯一的条件是&/p&&p&The rebels say they are ready to stop fighting, but only if the prisoners are released.&br&&/p&&p&&b&On condition that,&/b&以。。。为前提,只有&/p&&p&&b&Should &/b&用于状语从句,表示“万一”,用法与if类似,可以在主句前,也可以在主句后;从句动词用原型。&/p&&p&This switch can be used to disengage the autopilot system &b&should &/b&a malfunction occur in the system.&/p&&p&&b&Should&/b& it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. &br&&/p&&br&&br&&p&&u&&b&###&/b&&b&1.11 解释,转述&/b&&b&###&/b&&/u&&/p&&br&&p&&b&In other words,&/b&&/p&&p&Prosperity matters, in other words, because it contributes to our welfare.&/p&&p&&b&That is, that is to say,&/b&&/p&&p&&b&i.e.&/b&&/p&&p&&b&Namely&/b&&/p&&p&Some groups, namely students and pensioners, will benefit from the new tax.&br&&/p&&br&&p&&b&Mean that &/b&&/p&&br&&br&&p&&u&&b&###&/b&&b&1.12 并列&/b&&b&###&/b&&/u&&/p&&br&&p&&b&And&/b&&/p&&p&&b&A as well as B,&/b& 强调as前的名词或者形容词A, 不仅B,而且A&/p&&p&We must learn to look at problems all-sidedly,seeing the reverse as well as the obverse side of things. 强调要看到reverse即反面&/p&&p&&b&not only A, but also B&/b&, 不同上,强调后面B,不仅A,而且B&/p&&p&He is a statesman as well as a scholar=He is no less a statesman than a scholar=He is not only a scholar but also a statesman.&/p&&p&&b&and...A...as well. &/b&则强调A&/p&&br&&br&&br&&p&&u&&b&###&/b&&b&1.13 说明观点&/b&&b&###&/b&&/u&&/p&&br&&p&&u&&b&###&/b&&b&认为/&/b&&b&支持/&/b&&b&反对&/b&&/u&&/p&&br&&p&&u&&b&###&/b&&b&认为:&/b&&/u&&/p&&br&&p&&b&Argue that.&/b&有“争论到”之意,用于对陈述相反观点&/p&&p&Some economists argued that the law was misconceived.&/p&&p&&b&Believe that&/b&&/p&&p&Some believed that the exchange of goods should be governed by a just price.&/p&&p&&b&Acknowledge that.&/b&&br&
承认,一般表示某人承认,之后会转折&/p&&p&I have to acknowledge that it has the advantage of high efficiency.&/p&&p&&b&Maintain that&/b&&br&&/p&&p&Defenders of this law maintain that, under certain conditions, the free market is not truly free.&/p&&p&&b&Hold that&/b&&/p&&p&Many people hold that government should be neutral on matters of virtue and vice.&/p&&p&&b&Insist that&/b&&/p&&p&Those who insist that only bleeding wounds should be count believe that …&/p&&p&&b&Claim that&/b&声称&/p&&p&The veteran’s group claimed that doing so would “debase” the honor.&/p&&p&&b&Point out&/b&&/p&&p&As he points out, buyers under duress have no freedom.&/p&&p&&b&Consider…(to be).&/b&认为。。。如何&/p&&p&Some people favor abortion rights, and others consider abortion to be murder.&/p&&p&Whereas some consider it an form of reverse discrimination against people who deserve admission on their merits.&/p&&br&&p&&b&Be of the opinion that &/b&&/p&&p&I am of the opinion that car ownership should be discouraged.&/p&&br&&p&&b&From a personal point of view,..&/b&&/p&&p&From a personal point of view, it is essential to reduce non-essential travel.&/p&&br&&p&&b&Sb’s point is that…&/b&某人的意思是&br&&/p&&p&Plato’s point is that to grasp the meaning of justice and the nature of the good life, we must rise above from the prejudices and routines of everyday life.&/p&&br&&p&&u&&b&###&/b&&b&支持:&/b&&/u&&/p&&br&&p&&b&Support&/b&&/p&&p&&b&Favor sth/doing sth&/b&&/p&&p&The captain favors including mental injuries.&/p&&p&&b&Defend sth&/b&捍卫,支持&br&&/p&&p&Some defend affirmative actions in college admissions as a way of righting past wrongs.&/p&&br&&p&&b&Advocates/defenders/proponents&/b& 反对者、支持者&br&&/p&&br&&p&&b&Conviction&/b&&b&,&/b&坚信&/p&&p&My firm conviction is that punishment does not has much of a role to play in this.&/p&&br&&p&&u&&b&###&/b&&b&反对:&/b&&/u&&/p&&br&&p&&b&Argue against. &/b&反对&/p&&p&Jeff, a pro-market commentator writing the book Boston Globe, argued against this law.&/p&&p&&b&Reject&br&&/b&反对某种观点/行为&/p&&p&Jim rejected the notion that these “unconscionable” prices reflected a truly free exchange.&/p&&p&A civilized country should reject the torture of terror suspects. &/p&&p&&b&The argument for or against sth. &/b&对某话题的支持/反对观点&/p&&p&We should also consider one further argument for this law.&/p&&p&&b&Oppose sth/sb/doing&/b&&/p&&p&A veteran’s group opposed awarding the medal for psychological injuries.&/p&&p&&b&Disagree&br&&/b&&/p&&p&Citizens of pluralist societies disagree about such things?&/p&&p&&b&Disagree with&/b&&/p&&p&Therefore I have to disagree almost entirely with the given statement.&/p&&br&&p&&b&Opponents &/b&反对者,是名词&/p&&p&Not surprisingly, the opponents of this law invoke these two similar arguments for free markets.&/p&&br&&p&&b&It is true that…but…&/b&用于承认一方后,强调另一方&br&&/p&&br&&p&&u&&b&###&/b&&b&表示优点缺点&/b&&/u&&/p&&br&&p&&b&advantages and disadvantages&/b&&/p&&p&Its advantages overweigh its disadvantages. &/p&&p&&b&pros and cons &/b&&/p&&p&&b&strengths and weaknesses&/b&&/p&&p&&b&merits and demerits&/b&&/p&&p&&b&benefits and problems&/b&&br&&/p&&p&Even if high prices call forth a greater supply of goods, this benefit has to be weighed against the burden such prices impose on those least to afford them.&/p&&p&&b&On the plus/positive/negative side&/b&&/p&&p&&b&On the downside&/b&&/p&&br&&p&&b&sth do more good than harm&/b&&br&&/p&&p&&b&A Outweigh B,&/b&A超出B,更重要,用以连接上述的优缺点词汇&/p&&p&The possible benefits outweigh the risks involved.&br&&/p&&br&&p&&u&&b&###&/b&&b&做结论&/b&&/u&&/p&&br&&p&&b&Conclude that.&/b&&/p&&p&So we can conclude that ….&/p&&br&&p&&b&In brief/in summary/conclusion&/b&&/p&&p&&b&To summarize&/b&&/p&&br&&p&&u&&b&###&/b&&b&根据&/b&&/u&&/p&&br&&p&&b&According to/Based on&/b&&/p&&p&According to the textbook context, this question divides ancient and modern political thought.&/p&&br&&p&&u&&b&###&/b&&b&引出话题&/b&&/u&&/p&&br&&p&&b&It is said that…&/b&据说&/p&&p&&b&It seems that &/b&&/p&&p&&b&The focus of … is on sth.&/b&&/p&&p&The focus of this essay is on the causes of and solutions to this problem.&/p&&br&&p&&b&In terms of/ regarding/concerning/ when it comes to sth/as for/for/with regard to/with respect to&/b&关于、至于,talking about/speaking of比较口语化&br&&/p&&br&&br&&p&&b&*********************************&/b&&b&******&/b&&b&****PART 2 重要句式结构******************************************&/b&&/p&&br&&p&&b&原则:主谓宾是骨头,逻辑连接词是骨头间的韧带,其他修饰词则是肌肉。&/b&&/p&&br&&br&&p&&b&名词从句=名词&/b&&/p&&p&&b&What &/b&I am proficient in&b& is &/b&ancient Chinese literature.&/p&&p&That&b&’s where&/b& he met me.&/p&&br&&p&&b&Those &/b&&/p&&p&&b&Those+adj/ving/ved/to v/&/b&&b&介词&/b&,代表一类人或物&/p&&p&All&b& those eligible&/b& will receive a cash handout.&/p&&p&The new law clearly benefits&b& those earning &/b&the most money.&/p&&p&Only 18 percent of&b& those surveyed &/b&opposed the idea.&/p&&p&I'm going to sort these old books into&b& those to be kept&/b& and&b& those to be thrown&/b& away.&/p&&p&Have some consideration for&b& those without a job.&/b&&/p&&p&Those+从句who(人)/which(物)/whose(表归属)/in which(表位置),Those相当于一个名词&/p&&p&Only&b& those who&/b& had booked in advance were allowed in.&/p&&p&We must try to find out &b&those which&/b& may be attacked most easily.&/p&&p&This disease is more likely to strike &b&those whose&/b& immune systems are already below par.&/p&&p&The poems which he wrote in the countryside are generally agreed to be &b&those in which&/b& he found his true voice.&/p&&p&&b&He who&/b& can be a best servant can be a best leader.&/p&&br&&p&&b&在句子中,任何名词随时都可以用 ved/ving/介词/形容词来修饰,可以使得单句也有复杂结构,却比定语从句简单&/b&&/p&&br&&p&&b&疑问词+to+v&/b&&/p&&p&I am considering&b& how to &/b&manage this assignment But who is to judge what is virtue and what is vice?&/p&&br&&p&&b&动词分词做定语(ving, ved),可以替代定语从句&/b&&/p&&p&His work as a consultant &b&consisted in&/b& advising foreign companies on the siting of new factories.&/p&&br&&p&&b&句子,especially+名词或者从句. 这样可以对句子进行更加精确的描述。&/b&&/p&&p&Members of a competitive team can always keep them motivated,&b& especially when&/b& confronted with tough situation and fierce competition.&/p&&br&&p&&b&…, if any. (表示如果有…的话)&/b&&/p&&p&State your hypothesis or theory, &b&if any.&/b&&/p&&p&What,&b& if anything&/b&, should the law do about it?&/p&&br&&p&&b&Rather, 单独出现表示“更准确的说”&/b&&/p&&p&&b&Rather, &/b&parents should employ a variety of methods to discipline their children.&/p&&br&&p&&b&用插入语. 补充信息,增强节奏感:两种形式:逗号或者横线隔开&/b&&/p&&p&But in a market society&b&, the economists observed,&/b& prices are set by demand and supply. &/p&&p&They are no more “special” or “fair” than other prices that market conditions&b&—including&br&those promoted by a hurricane—&/b&may bring about. 补充信息。&/p&&p&Higher prices have the advantages&b&, economists argued, &/b&of limiting the use of such things by consumers. 转述说的话时,“某某说”可以做插入语。&/p&&p&Jeff&b&, a pro-market commentator writing the book Boston Globe, &/b&argued against this law on similar grounds. 对身份的补充。&/p&&p&Many people&b&, including those who support this law, &/b&find the virtue argument discomfiting. 包含的对象的具体说明。&/p&&p&All they ever see is the play of shadows on the wall,&b& a reflection of objects they can never apprehend. &/b&同位语,用以解释或者补充前面的名词&/p&&br&&p&&b&To do sth 作主语&/b&&/p&&p&&b&To punish &/b&a very young child is both wrong and foolish.&/p&&br&&p&&b&By doing sth, … 表示做事的方式途径&/b&&/p&&p&&b&By providing &/b&incentives for suppliers to produce more of the needed goods, it do more good than harm.&/p&&br&&p&&b&副词开头,句子。&/b&节奏感强&/p&&p&&b&Not surprisingly&/b&, the opponents of this law invoke these two similar arguments for free markets.&/p&&br&&p&&b&Doing/To do A is not doing/to &/b&do B. 做A并不是做B. 表示从反面对A的补充&/p&&p&&b&To acknowledge &/b&the moral forces of virtue argument is &b&not to insis&/b&t it must always prevail over competing considerations. &/p&&br&&p&&b&特殊的定语从句,介词+which定语从句与介词的妙用,这需要动词与介词本身就是固定搭配&/b&&/p&&p&It is about cultivating the attitudes and the qualities of characters, &b&on which &/b&a good society depends.&/p&&br&&p&&b&Cannot …without…没有。。。就不能。。。&/b&&/p&&p&Aristotle maintains that we cannot figure out what a just consideration is without first reflecting of the most desirable way of life.&/p&&br&&p&&b&主语倒装句&/b&&/p&&p&At the heart of the disagreement &b&are&/b& rival conceptions of moral character.&/p&&p&Underlying the phenomenon &b&was &/b&a profound reason.&/p&&br&&p&&b&Sth is not (that)…but (that)…,&br&成分要一致,是。。。而不是。。。&/b&&/p&&p&The public’s objection to the bonuses is&b& not that&/b& they reward greed&b& but that&/b& they reward failure.&/p&&p&The answer is that moral reflection is&b& not a &/b&solitary pursuit &b&but a &/b&public endeavor.&/p&&br&&p&&b&构词形式:A-被动: 被A。。。的&/b&&/p&&p&A &b&market-driven &/b&society&/p&&p&A &b&knowledge-based&/b& economy&/p&&br&&p&&b&副词+形容词 &/b&&/p&&p&&b&Financially better-off &/b&&/p&&br&&p&&b&Do 用于动词前表示强调&/b&&/p&&p&He&b& did &/b&want them to take responsibility for their failure.&/p&&br&&p&&b&反问,表示强烈语气&/b&&/p&&p&&b&Couldn’t it be argued that难道不能认为。。。,&/b&&/p&&p&&b&How can it be。。 怎么可能。。&/b&&/p&&p&&b&What would sth be if…如果…sth 会怎样?&/b&&/p&&br&&p&&b&With+ved/ving/to do/sth, &/b&&/p&&br&&p&&b&动词分词前置或者后置:ved, 句子,ving…&/b&&/p&&p&&b&Awarded &/b&the Noble Prize, Yoyouyou become known by public, making her the most influential figure of this year.&/p&&p&&b&Confronted with &/b&this situation, we…..&/p&&p&Socrates suggests that, &b&having glimpsed &/b&the sun, only the philosopher is fit to rule the cave dwellers, if he can somehow be coaxes into the darkness where they live.&/p&&br&&p&&b&用虚拟语气(动词用过去式),表示未发生或者假想发生的事儿&/b&&/p&&br&&p&&b&Let us not forget either that…&/b&咱们也不要忘记。。。&/p&&p&&b&Let us forget either that &/b&traditional products, whether these be medicines or food, provide employment for local people. &/p&&br&&p&&b&**************************************&/b&&b&*****&/b&&b&PART 3 词组与句子搭配*************************************&/b&&b&*&/b&&b&*&/b&&/p&&br&&p&&b&Include but not limited in sth&/b&&/p&&p&We welcome potential candidates &b&including but not limited &/b&those who have affluent experience in education.&/p&&br&&p&&b&Both...and …&/b&.(两者都)&/p&&p&Now women work &b&both &/b&before &b&and &/b&after having their children.&/p&&br&&p&&b&Either…or…&/b&(肯定句中标两者选其一,否定句中表两者都不)&/p&&p&&b&Either&/b& you or&b& I &/b&am wrong.&/p&&br&&p&&b&Neither…nor…&/b&(两者都不)&/p&&p&&b&Neither&/b& he &b&nor&/b& she is at home today.&/p&&p&The world will&b& little &/b&note, &b&nor&/b& long remember what we say here, but it will never forget what they did here. &/p&&br&&p&&b&There is no such thing as xx&/b&. 并没有这种叫xx的&/p&&p&&b&There is no such thing as&/b& a “just price”.&/p&&br&&p&&b&Too…to…&/b&.太。。。以至于不能。。。&/p&&p&His boss is&b& too &/b&hard&b& to&/b& get along with.&/p&&br&&p&&b&It is worthwhile/worth one’s while/worth while doing(=worth doing)/ to do something(= worthy to do sth).&/b&&/p&&p&&b&Be worth+名词形式(名词,doing sth)&/b&&/p&&p&&b&Be worthy to do sth/ of doing sth&/b&&/p&&p&If its price is higher, manufacturers will find it &b&worth their while to produce&/b& more goods.&/p&&p&It points out a moral argument &b&worth seriously taking.&/b&&/p&&br&&p&&b&Sb get sth done. /sth get done&/b&. 表示sth 被怎么样。&/p&&p&It is how goods and services &b&get allocated &/b&in a free society.&/p&&br&&p&&b&The debate about sth raises hard questions of …&/b&引出问题&br&&/p&&br&&p&&b&Take advantage of&/b& 利用使用&/p&&p&Is it wrong for sellers of goods and services to&b& take advantage of &/b&a natural disaster by charging whatever the market will bear?&/p&&br&&p&&b&Not only(simply)…, (but) also…&/b&&/p&&p&These questions are &b&not only &/b&about how individuals should treat one another. They are&b& also about &/b&what the law should be, how society should be organizes.&/p&&br&&p&&b&More than. &/b&不单单&/p&&p&Over the last decade, the prices &b&more than &/b&doubled. But the outrage at this behavior is &b&more&/b&&/p&&p&&b&than &/b&mindless anger. &b&More than&/b& a personal vice, it is at odds with civic virtue.&/p&&br&&p&&b&The question is … /the problem with… is that&/b&问题是&/p&&p&&b&The question is &/b&whether, or to what extent, people are free rather than forced.&/p&&br&&p&&b&Mean that+从句,mean doing sth意味着&/b&&/p&&p&Aristotle teaches that justice&b& means that &/b&giving people what they deserve.&/p&&br&&p&&b&It is … that/to do…&/b&&/p&&p&So &b&it is understandable that&/b& people are not keen to reward it.&/p&&br&&p&&b&The line between A and B..&/b&&/p&&p&&b&The line between &/b&success&b& and &/b&failure is clear.&/p&&br&&p&&b&Have a hard time doing sth. &/b&艰难地做某事&/p&&p&I &b&have a hard time understanding&/b& the public’s furry.&/p&&br&&p&&b&Once and for all&/b&一劳永逸&/p&&p&Political philosopher cannot resolve these arguments &b&once and for all.&/b&&/p&&br&&p&&b&Turn to doing sth&/b&转而做某事&/p&&p&People &b&turn to buying&/b& new brands.&/p&&br&&p&&b&Have access to sth&/b&&/p&&p&Some
may argue that all people are entitled to &b&have access to&/b& the same products.&/p&&br&&p&&b&Tell/distinguish…from…/ Tell/distinguish the difference between A and B.&/b&&/p&&br&&p&&b&Have long been &/b&很早就。。。&/p&&p&There&b& has long been &/b&controversy about the negative effects of travelling by cars&/p&&br&&p&否定或者消极的陈述,&b&let alone &/b&…。更不用说。。。&/p&&p&He &b&cannot &/b&read an article fluently,&b& let alone&/b& write a decent essay.&/p&&br&&br&&p&&b&### 后记###&/b&&/p&&figure&&img data-rawheight=&159& src=&https://pic4.zhimg.com/d95c7acde2bd817f99d7b_b.jpg& data-rawwidth=&201& class=&content_image& width=&201&&&/figure&&br&&p&&b&当我最开始准备雅思时,看了不少知乎高票回答,非常感谢他们。没想到现在自己也票数上千,略激动啊哈哈!&/b&&br&&/p&&br&&p&&b&我也会保持更新这些词汇,争取真正达到“史上最全”。欢迎大家在下面留言,指出文中的错误、不足等,或者提供新的词汇与表达,我补充上去。&/b&&/p&&br&&p&&b&你这么认真看到了最后,那么下一个回来写经验的,就是你!&/b&&/p&
已写作7分。送大家“史上最全逻辑连接词”! 这是自己备考雅思过程中总结的,也附带了一些常用词组与句式。其中不少是从英文原著中总结的地道表达,比如《Justice, what's the right thing to do》。尤其是逻辑连接词,掌握后,就达到了“独上高楼,望尽天…
&p&下岗在家一个多礼拜都在整理这篇书评,圈内朋友说浙江大学出版社要给我这篇文章推广费。钱不钱的没关系(主要是我知道肯定没有2333),关键是我们一起端正心态,踏实学习。
这篇文章花很大精力来写,算是我这几个月学习的总结和对陈老先生的致敬。
&/p&&figure&&img src=&https://pic4.zhimg.com/9cfc9b36739ca79bce35dd2f6e381fe3_b.jpg& data-rawwidth=&600& data-rawheight=&800& class=&origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb& width=&600& data-original=&https://pic4.zhimg.com/9cfc9b36739ca79bce35dd2f6e381fe3_r.jpg&&&/figure&&p&因为这本书的排版紧凑到了极致,有些地方空间实在有限,不够做标记,就用了这些便签。&/p&&br&&p&其实我的字也没小纸条上的那么丑,装逼的时候长这样:&/p&&p&
最近半年,我给自己的安排只是读两本书。一本是&i&&b&the Glory and the Dream&/b&&/i&,当时开始读的时候也有装逼的成分在里面,现在读了快一半,坑深慎入。另一本&b&Beyond the Dictionary&/b&,中文名是&b&《英语常用词疑难用法手册》&/b&,是陈用仪老先生的传世之作。&/p&&figure&&img src=&https://pic4.zhimg.com/5befc2d95a4b_b.jpg& data-rawwidth=&600& data-rawheight=&864& class=&origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb& width=&600& data-original=&https://pic4.zhimg.com/5befc2d95a4b_r.jpg&&&/figure&&p&从它的英文书名里就能看出,这本书就是补充词典所没有的东西。
&/p&&p&老规矩,长文先上提纲:&/p&&br&&p&&b&一、关于这本书的故事&/b&&/p&&p&1.1 该装逼时就装逼;&/p&&p&1.2 分分钟教你做人;&/p&&p&1.3 我是不是被同妻了?&/p&&br&&p&&b&二、这本书好在哪里&/b&&/p&&p&2.1 掌握好常用词很重要;&/p&&p&2.2 对动词“体”“貌”概念的厘清;&/p&&p&2.3 夹叙夹议的方式更耐读,严谨,打破砂锅问到底;&/p&&p&2.4 详实的例句;&/p&&p&2.5 不仅对阅读而且对写作有奇效。&/p&&br&&p&&b&三、这本书怎么用&/b&&/p&&p&&b&3.1 整理出这本书的word版本,并重新排版;&/b&&/p&&p&3.2 主词条做成了txt,放入生词本,欧路上定量阅读(mdx);&/p&&p&3.3 成立该书阅读小组。&/p&&br&&p&&b&一、关于这本书的故事&/b&&/p&&p&&b&1.1 该装逼时就装逼&/b& &/p&&p&前几天我们群里有个朋友读到这个句子:&/p&&p&enter什么意思,后面成分又是修饰谁表示很疑惑。我平时不答,也不鼓励这种提问(因为有专门的付费答疑群),那天看到觉得有意思就顺手答了一发:
&/p&&p&小伙伴们瞬间被镇住了:
&/p&&figure&&img src=&https://pic4.zhimg.com/e1f5def8efa44b52e8909a0f_b.jpg& data-rawwidth=&720& data-rawheight=&1280& class=&origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb& width=&720& data-original=&https://pic4.zhimg.com/e1f5def8efa44b52e8909a0f_r.jpg&&&/figure&&p&这群年轻人真是too simple,我一个挖石油的怎么可能有闲心去读戏剧,只不过这几年里有两本书读得认真仔细一点罢了。一本是柯林斯高阶,另一本就是今天介绍的《英语常用词疑难用法手册》。enter+sb的用法我在这本书的第281页,enter词条的最后一栏解释中看到过,那时候觉得挺有意思就做了记录,常翻常新,后来在第878页也碰到了(中间)。
&/p&&p&戏剧中的enter
&/p&&br&&p&当然,自古摆谱各显神通,这是魏剑峰的摆法: &/p&&figure&&img src=&https://pic2.zhimg.com/b729de2e81b95a05d3235753aabb0435_b.jpg& data-rawwidth=&720& data-rawheight=&1280& class=&origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb& width=&720& data-original=&https://pic2.zhimg.com/b729de2e81b95a05d3235753aabb0435_r.jpg&&&/figure&&p&其实道理都差不多,平时&b&多积累,多查证,多思考,不存疑&/b&,关键时候才能装得一手好逼。而多积累,多查证,多思考和不存疑也正是陈用仪老先生这本《英语常用词疑难用法手册》的精髓,说是呕心沥血之作也不为过。这本书除极少量因为专业背景原因而难免白璧微瑕之外,其他一字一句都是经得起时间和后人检验的。
上面说的是拿enter这么一个简单词来摆谱,那下面这张图就很能反映相当一部分人学英语的浮躁:
&/p&&figure&&img src=&https://pic3.zhimg.com/cd5d59bb4ebfa88f3d035b482c50f24a_b.jpg& data-rawwidth=&599& data-rawheight=&186& class=&origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb& width=&599& data-original=&https://pic3.zhimg.com/cd5d59bb4ebfa88f3d035b482c50f24a_r.jpg&&&/figure&&br&&p&&b&1.2 分分钟教你做人&/b&&/p&&p&我们学英语是为了看懂、听懂别人要表达的信息,同时也用英语表达自己的想法。关键点在于&b&懂&/b&,而不是盲目去追求所谓的词汇量,一个数字,空中楼阁而已。追求词汇量的过程就相当于:一个项目的好坏得看多个维度的参数,A是其中非常普通甚至不是最关键的一环,但你却紧紧围绕着A在优化,真到拉出来遛遛的时候就等着抓瞎吧。&/p&&br&&p&我曾经在基础不是很扎实的时候备考过GRE,那时候比任何人都崇拜词汇量,但现在真心觉得,单词认识是一回事,在文中能理解又是另一回事。很多人正因为英文读得少,就天真地以为:认识单词=理解句意,理解句意=快速地理解句意,这中间的差距用幂率来描述都不为过。&/p&&br&&p&其实单词的进阶有三个过程:&/p&&p&1)消除陌生感,掌握词汇的基本含义;&/p&&p&2)精确认知单词的义项,语义理解无偏差;&/p&&p&3)掌握单词的作用环境,输出时能用对,输入时按“意群”迅速理解。&/p&&br&&p&因此,从现在开始就夯实自己的词汇功底,背完单词就多查、多读字典,然后细细品读陈老这本《常用词疑难用法手册》。词汇功底是一辈子的事,等你真心觉得词汇量不是最关键环节的时候(说明你自己的词汇量大了,并且开始关注单词的理解和运用环境),你的英语学习也就开始走上正轨了。
&/p&&br&&p&&b&1.3 我是不是被同妻了?&/b&&/p&&p&我之前在一个地质类的事业单位混吃等死,每天上班花半小时处理下公务,剩下时间就都是自己的了。这部分“上班时间”,我用它手机读完了柯林斯高阶,自学了Java,写了一年知乎,创立了众筹词汇实验室。就在一个月前,我辞职来到了上海,进入了一家创业公司,晚上加班,甚至周末加班都成了家常便饭。&/p&&br&&p&晚上十点多回家,累成了狗,我还捧着这本《英语常用词疑难用法手册》,毫不理会女朋友在一旁搔首弄姿&/p&&figure&&img src=&https://pic3.zhimg.com/b42d8ba1eab24045dbb67a60a1774326_b.jpg& data-rawwidth=&600& data-rawheight=&747& class=&origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb& width=&600& data-original=&https://pic3.zhimg.com/b42d8ba1eab24045dbb67a60a1774326_r.jpg&&&/figure&&p&终于,前几天她色厉内荏地质问我,她是不是被同妻了?&/p&&br&&p&书,是要读的;女朋友,是要哄的,所以就只能辞职了(能把下岗说得这么冠冕堂皇也是没谁了。&/p&&br&&p&&b&二、这本书好在哪里&/b&&/p&&p&&b&2.1 掌握好常用词很重要&/b& &/p&&p&虽然我在上一部分的第二条中,对过分崇拜所谓词汇量的行为进行了无情的讽刺和挖苦(可能力道稍嫌不足),但还是有必要在这里继续厘清几个概念。&/p&&br&&p&首先,单词在表义过程中,需要突出的是义项而不是单词本身,比如:
&/p&&blockquote& He has not addressed the issue of the strike demands.
&/blockquote&&p&这个句子中你对address在这里的意思不理解,那你就没有掌握这条义项,从这个角度而言(也是最重要的角度),这个词算在你的词汇量里就没有意义。在上面这个句子里,address为什么会是“处理,解决”的意思?那是因为它后面跟了issue。在词汇功底扎实的人眼里,address和issue几乎是同时映入眼帘然后一起处理的,而不是单独判断address在这里是“处理”,然后再看到issue这个词。这就是我第一部分里讲的按“意群”理解,它的基础是对单词义项的精确理解和搭配环境(idea unit)的了然于胸,而不是去搞眼睛扫射的“意群训练”,不能本末倒置。&/p&&br&&p&然后,很多人非常强调语境,这其实也是个模糊地带。语境(上下文)不用强调和特意学习,那是交流过程中必然产生的,我们在这里讨论的是词汇搭配的语境。比如两人约会,甲按时赴约到达,但是乙迟迟未到。如果乙最后还是来了,事后总结说:He was late,这个was表瞬时动作,表示一个“总结”(他来晚了)。如果不是事后总结归纳,而是事后追述甲苦苦等候的情况(不知乙怎么样了,还来不来呀),说He was late,意思就是“他迟迟未到”。此时was表示延续性动词。&/p&&br&&p&He was late 这句话具体选哪个意思,要依靠上下文,但这种上下文对语言学习本身意义不大,你考雅思口语时考官问你今天怎么样,你完全可以扯得远一点儿,语言点丰富一点儿,因为他一点儿都不关心你今天到底怎么样。上面说的语境(上下文)与address搭配issue时表“处理”含义不是一回事,后者需要你有意识地去学习、总结和提高,也可以参考这篇文章:&a href=&http://www.zhihu.com/question//answer/& class=&internal&&英语一词多义现象是怎么产生的?现状如何?有哪些有效途径来提高理解效率? - 知乎用户的回答&/a&&/p&&br&&p&铺垫到此为止,我们的微信公众号 『众筹词汇实验室』就是这样总结整理词汇的,欢迎关注。&/p&&br&&p&这里将葛传槼老先生在&b&&i&Hints for Learners of English &/i&&/b&里的这段话送给大家,与诸君共勉:&/p&&blockquote& Nor can he master English till he has acquired a better understanding of most of the words that are in his vocabulary.
&/blockquote&&p&至于上面这句话里not……till/untill必须要连用的内在机理,请读陈先生的大作(P884)。此类醍醐灌顶的梳理和分析我就做了近千条标记,你也值得拥有。&/p&&br&&p&&b&2.2 对动词“体”“貌”概念的厘清&/b&&/p&&p&本书附录二《英语动词的体貌》是必须详读的内容,否则会对他在单词分析过程中详细的动词划分不知所云。&/p&&br&&p&这部分是学术分析,会有点难读。很多文科生觉得内容烧脑很可能就不读下去了,却不知扔掉了宝藏。为什么说是文科生?理科生“实变函数学十遍,泛函分析心泛寒”这么枪林弹雨地过来,对读不懂的东西早就有心理准备:我虽然笨,但我肯花功夫呀。读附录二这篇文章第一遍肯定会晕(作者引入部分写得太长,把这部分放到后面做总结为好),但如果先花一小时总览全篇,在心中有个框架之后,再花两小时细细品读,再花两小时做个思维导图梳理一下就能很好掌握了。&/p&&br&&p&简单来说,&b&附录二廓清了这么几个概念&/b&:&/p&&p&1.什么是动词;&/p&&p&2.动词和时间之间有多密切;&/p&&p&3.动词根据本身的含义(体)在时间维度上可以分成四类;&/p&&p&4.动词和其他元素在句中表达“完成”和“未完成”这两个含义,即貌;&/p&&p&5.完成含义就是完成貌,vice versa。而完成时态并不一定是完成貌!&/p&&br&&p&廓清这些概念有什么帮助呢?那好,请判断以下句子是否有误,为什么?&/p&&p&1、I've come here for two days.&/p&&p&2、He put on a blue overcoat when he came into our house.&/p&&p&3、Food doesn't taste good to me when I catch a cold.&/p&&p&4、I received the letter until yesterday.&/p&&p&5、I really thank him for his advice.&/p&&p&6、I could finish it yesterday.&/p&&p&7、Open the door while you're repairing the fireplace.&/p&&p&8、Tea was introduced to Europe in the early 1600's, while trade began between Europe and the far East.&/p&&p&9、It took him two hours to watch TV.&/p&&p&上面的句子全是错的,自己可以去附录二查看为什么。&/p&&br&&p&这部分我不多说,否则没基础的读者会睡着的。你只要记住,要读这本书,先读附录二,第一遍略读找框架,第二遍细读,第三遍总结。&/p&&br&&p&贴一下我的思维导图:&/p&&p&哦,不好意思,发错了,是这个:
&/p&&figure&&img src=&https://pic1.zhimg.com/33cd05c75d56ef16a0f4_b.jpg& data-rawwidth=&600& data-rawheight=&254& class=&origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb& width=&600& data-original=&https://pic1.zhimg.com/33cd05c75d56ef16a0f4_r.jpg&&&/figure&&p&读第一遍要有这样的框架,二三两遍梳理成这样:&/p&&figure&&img src=&https://pic3.zhimg.com/11492a55faef13aa67ff636_b.jpg& data-rawwidth=&798& data-rawheight=&533& class=&origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb& width=&798& data-original=&https://pic3.zhimg.com/11492a55faef13aa67ff636_r.jpg&&&/figure&&p&这是思维导图的源文件:&a href=&//link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//pan.baidu.com/s/1hq0LwbU& class=& external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&&span class=&invisible&&http://&/span&&span class=&visible&&pan.baidu.com/s/1hq0Lwb&/span&&span class=&invisible&&U&/span&&span class=&ellipsis&&&/span&&/a& 密码:456t&/p&&br&&p&&b&2.3 夹叙夹议的方式更耐读;打破砂锅问到底&/b&&/p&&p&陈老精通多国语言,都达到为党和国家领导人做翻译的水平(保守估计有6种)。因为作者是这样的大牛,《疑难手册》里冷不防地进行语言间的横向对比,其严谨博学,踏实求真的精神,可谓力透纸背。&/p&&br&&p&比如,我做的笔记里关于他对动词的理解:&/p&&figure&&img src=&https://pic4.zhimg.com/991f1b97e55d78dc4cd5a8d256abb5df_b.jpg& data-rawwidth=&600& data-rawheight=&230& class=&origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb& width=&600& data-original=&https://pic4.zhimg.com/991f1b97e55d78dc4cd5a8d256abb5df_r.jpg&&&/figure&&p&answer
&/p&&figure&&img src=&https://pic4.zhimg.com/96abf2713_b.jpg& data-rawwidth=&600& data-rawheight=&373& class=&origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb& width=&600& data-original=&https://pic4.zhimg.com/96abf2713_r.jpg&&&/figure&&p&ignore
&/p&&figure&&img src=&https://pic2.zhimg.com/1acac56e4a87bc92c307b08b6f1b8efd_b.jpg& data-rawwidth=&600& data-rawheight=&596& class=&origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb& width=&600& data-original=&https://pic2.zhimg.com/1acac56e4a87bc92c307b08b6f1b8efd_r.jpg&&&/figure&&p&写到这里,让我想起我们『众筹词汇实验室』有个协和博士(翁妈师弟),通晓法语、意大利语,对拉丁语、希腊语也很有兴趣,他在『众筹词汇实验室』整理单词过程中搞出这么个东西:
&/p&&figure&&img src=&https://pic1.zhimg.com/9e31c9966efa15184dd0_b.jpg& data-rawwidth=&793& data-rawheight=&865& class=&origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb& width=&793& data-original=&https://pic1.zhimg.com/9e31c9966efa15184dd0_r.jpg&&&/figure&&p&当时我心想,我们整理的内容最终是要推向市场的,你这是唱的哪门子山歌。现在想来,拿这个东西在这篇文章下装个大尾巴狼也是极好的。&/p&&br&&p&多国语言横向对比bigger虽然是有的,但毕竟比较小众。《疑难手册》夹叙夹议的风格给相对枯燥的词汇知识点增添了几分亮色。比如:&/p&&p&讲到状态动词和活动动词互用的时候,有这么一句双关:&/p&&p&Why did he take twenty -two years to write the damn thing.(On the Origin of Species)?(P.212)&/p&&br&&p&再品味下这句双关:&/p&&p&Dear Sir, I thank you for sending me a copy of your book, which I shall waste no time in reading.(Benjamin Disraeli)&/p&&br&&p&有时候是信手拈来的“攀关系”&/p&&figure&&img src=&https://pic4.zhimg.com/96c7b1f731d43b82e9488dbe7a1536a7_b.jpg& data-rawwidth=&600& data-rawheight=&554& class=&origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb& width=&600& data-original=&https://pic4.zhimg.com/96c7b1f731d43b82e9488dbe7a1536a7_r.jpg&&&/figure&&p&有时候是翻译故事的如数家珍:&/p&&figure&&img src=&https://pic4.zhimg.com/a247b0adab87f44517db_b.jpg& data-rawwidth=&600& data-rawheight=&811& class=&origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb& width=&600& data-original=&https://pic4.zhimg.com/a247b0adab87f44517db_r.jpg&&&/figure&&br&&p&有时候让人说不出的忍俊不禁:
&/p&&figure&&img src=&https://pic1.zhimg.com/d047bb8c0ecb4_b.jpg& data-rawwidth=&600& data-rawheight=&364& class=&origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb& width=&600& data-original=&https://pic1.zhimg.com/d047bb8c0ecb4_r.jpg&&&/figure&&p&夹叙夹议的举例就到这里。接下来说说&b&打破砂锅问到底&/b&。&/p&&br&&p&限于篇幅我只详细地分析一个例子。《疑难手册》第871页中间对达成动词(有瞬时性)的一部分进行时态做了总结:&b&具有瞬时性的动词在表达计划中即将要做的事时,用进行时态,表完成貌&/b&。这样,我们平时说的I'll be going there anyway. 意思是,我反正都要到那边去一趟的。这样子你也就很好地理解这个句子:&/p&&blockquote& Diplomatic issue rarely begin or end cleanly with a change of administration, But Bush will be leaving his successor an extensive list of foreign policy processes.(The Washingtong Post, Nov. 8,2008)
&/blockquote&&p&如果只是表层次地知道the bus is coming的意思是公交车马上来了,而不去探究它背后的规律和机理,读文章的时候肯定理解偏差,把握不到精髓。至于自己主动去运用,更是天方夜谭。&/p&&br&&p&我印象很深的是,&b&Dead Poet Society&/b&(死亡诗社)里,Neil酷爱戏剧,然而他的父亲却极力反对。Neil偷偷地参加舞台剧的排练,后来被他父亲发现了,父亲粗暴地对他说:&/p&&p&好了,问题来了,明天告诉他们你不演了,这句话你会怎么说?
&/p&&p&答案是这样的&/p&&figure&&img src=&https://pic1.zhimg.com/f03fad00a5e37bbd716a5c_b.jpg& data-rawwidth=&693& data-rawheight=&386& class=&origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb& width=&693& data-original=&https://pic1.zhimg.com/f03fad00a5e37bbd716a5c_r.jpg&&&/figure&&p&Be quitting 把他父亲霸道,不讲道理的形象刻画地栩栩如生:你明天特么的&b&必须,一定,肯定&/b&要给我退出你们那傻逼社团!&/p&&br&&p&如果你有心,还能留意到,Philadelphia(费城故事)里,Andrew Beckett 知道自己被老板陷害后,在办公室确定要被解雇的时候,他说的是:Am I being fired? 而不是will I be fired?&/p&&figure&&img src=&https://pic4.zhimg.com/72ffde19b9df_b.jpg& data-rawwidth=&1021& data-rawheight=&636& class=&origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb& width=&1021& data-original=&https://pic4.zhimg.com/72ffde19b9df_r.jpg&&&/figure&&br&&p&&b&2.4 详实的例句&/b&&/p&&p&&b&这里有莎士比亚的华彩乐章:&/b&&/p&&p&Not all the water in the rough rude sea can wash the balm from an anointed king. (Shakespeare, The Tragedy of King Richard the Second, Act III, Scene 2)&/p&&p&哪怕是汹涌大海所有的海水,都冲洗不掉一个奉天承运的国王身上的油膏(不是一部分海水可以,另一部分不可以)。&/p&&br&&p&&b&有《傲慢与偏见》的谆谆教导:&/b&&/p&&p&If the dispositions of the parties are ever so well known to each other, or ever so similar beforehand, it does not advance their felicity in the least. They always continue to grow sufficiently unlike afterwards to have their share of vexation, ... (Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice, Chapter Six)&/p&&p&一对爱人婚前脾气摸得非常透,或者脾气非常相同,这并不能保证他们俩就会幸福。他们总是弄到后来距离越来越远,彼此烦恼。&/p&&br&&p&&b&有《新闻周刊》的潇洒自如:&/b&&/p&&p&Ford's most controversial decision, of course, was to pardon Nixon for any crimes he might have committed in his White House years ... Yet as the years passed, more Americans came to see the pardon as an act (*action) of unusual statesmanship. (Newsweek, Jan. 8, 2007, p. 32)&/p&&p&福特最引人争议的一个决策,当然就是对尼克松在白宫期间可能犯下的任何罪行予以特赦。…然而随着岁月流逝,越来越多的美国人把这个特赦看作是一件不平常的政治家风度之举。&/p&&br&&p&&b&有《物种起源》的开天辟地:&/b&&/p&&p&We can see why whole groups of organisms... should be absent from oceanic islands, whilst the most isolated islands possess their own peculiar species of aerial mammals or bats.(Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species)&/p&&p&我们可以看到,为什么整批的有机体…在海岛上看不到,而那些最为隔绝的岛屿,却有自己独特的空中哺乳动物亦即蝙蝠的品种。&/p&&br&&p&&b&有《经济学人》的胡说八道(笑):&/b&&/p&&p&The object that people call the universe, vast though it is, may be just (*only) one of an indefinite number of similar structures,... (The Economist, Aug. 15, 2009, p. 12)&/p&&p&…人们称为宇宙的这个东西,尽管浩瀚庞大,但也只不过是无限数目的类似结构当中的一个而已。&/p&&br&&p&你虽然看的是一个简单词的疑难用法手册,但能够接触到的却是词汇量3万左右,极其优秀的精读材料!!除了词汇量,还能锻炼提高断句能力,让你读长的、信息量大的句子不“迷路”。比如:&/p&&p&Since then, I have worked on making my dream that computers can understand us better and work more simply a reality.希望你通读完这本手册后也能一眼读顺这样的句子。&/p&&br&&p&&b&2.5 不仅对阅读而且对写作有奇效&/b&&/p&&p&提高词汇量很简单,我曾经在只有四级基础的时候,15天里把2008版红宝书背了14遍,你能说我15天词汇量从4K涨到了10K?是的,我那时候的确这么认为的。&/p&&br&&p&白驹过隙,我已经好几年没有测词汇量了,反而能静下心来花上500个小时来慢慢通读这本《疑难手册》,做了近千条笔记,还打算继续把这本书读薄,消化。&/p&&br&&p&我们在口语里,需要非常重视小词活用,而在写作中,不应该去追求空洞的大词,而要把常用词的用法吃透、用对。比如,用around去表示“存在”往往会更生动、更地道:&/p&&p&Computers weren’t around in those days. / The idea has been around for quite a while.&/p&&br&&p&用any more than可以让句子更加精炼:&/p&&p&The mind does not create what it perceives, any more than the eye creates (*doesn’t creates) the rose.心智创造不出它所感受的事物,正如眼睛创造不出玫瑰花。&/p&&br&&p&你可以试着把这个句式用到你的托福作文里,多造几个句子。在分不清rise, arise和arouse的情况下,真不敢想象能把雅思图表作文写好。哪怕是应试作文,其原则也是词不贵大,而贵贴切!&/p&&p&我们是不是有过这种情况:写作文的时候,想起一个中文不知道英文该怎么说,然后百度一下就胡乱用了进去,而这个词有可能自己都不认识。从现在起,试着只用你词汇量内的单词去表达自己的意思,去把那些在你词汇量内,但远远没有挖掘的表达找出来,用起来!&/p&&p&最后,欢迎关注我们公众号『江南词器厂』&/p&&br&&figure&&img src=&https://pic4.zhimg.com/v2-3f84df6a307bf_b.png& data-rawwidth=&1761& data-rawheight=&817& class=&origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb& width=&1761& data-original=&https://pic4.zhimg.com/v2-3f84df6a307bf_r.jpg&&&/figure&
下岗在家一个多礼拜都在整理这篇书评,圈内朋友说浙江大学出版社要给我这篇文章推广费。钱不钱的没关系(主要是我知道肯定没有2333),关键是我们一起端正心态,踏实学习。
这篇文章花很大精力来写,算是我这几个月学习的总结和对陈老先生的致敬。
&p&&b&没有谬言、没有妄言、没有谎言&/b&&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&我年北外英院本科,年北外英院MTI硕士,已经工作三年半。&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&大体看了其他同学的回答,学弟学妹真多,对于北外的教学方法和特色都提到了。尤其是精读课将语言学习和人文、思辨结合起来,也是让我受益最多的。&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&&b&精读课是北外英院英语学习的核心和关键所在&/b&。其他的听力、泛读、口语、辩论、写作等课程,也都是为提高英语而设。这些课程是为了让大家从听说读写各个方面提高语言能力,同时学习人文和文学方面的知识、培养批判性思考。比如辩论——每辩论一个题目都要深入了解一个话题,比如写作——每写一篇文章都要深入了解一个领域。&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&&b&这些是大一大二集中学习的英语课程,这是真正提高英语的核心时期&/b&。到了大三大四,课程少了,而且不再带你抠语言本身,也有更多同学忙于实习等。&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&&b&大三大四,设笔译课和口译课(老师不会再带你学习语法和词汇)&/b&,同时开始学一些一般英语专业都要学的语言学入门、英语语言文学导论、基础翻译理论等课程,都只有一学期的课,只是初步了解。&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&当时北外英语学院分英语系、翻译系、国际新闻系,除了以上大家都要学的课程,英语系还设文学方面课程,翻译系设翻译理论方面课程,新闻系设采写、编辑等新闻课程(现在新闻系已经独立为新闻学院)。&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&晒一下我的成绩单,可以看到四年都上了什么课。&/p&&figure&&img src=&https://pic4.zhimg.com/v2-6d04e215f54ca38ced3ef7a5baaac05b_b.jpg& data-caption=&& data-size=&normal& data-rawwidth=&2376& data-rawheight=&2880& class=&origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb& width=&2376& data-original=&https://pic4.zhimg.com/v2-6d04e215f54ca38ced3ef7a5baaac05b_r.jpg&&&/figure&&hr&&p&现在高校农村学生越来越少,就连小城镇的都很少,而其中北外似乎还更“贵族化”一些。我入学的时候,老师问有没有农村的,我们班上只有两个人举手,而且我和那个同学都知道自己只是出生在农村,后来已经搬到县城了。而其他同学都是二三线城市、更多是省会城市来的。&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&&b&年级中绝对不乏入学时英语水平已经好过大四时的我的(不单是口条好,是真的语言功底好)。很多同学是外语中学保送的,这其他回答也都说了——出身好不是人家的错,而且我们把他们的优秀归结于出身和成长环境,对他们也不公平。&/b&&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&我入学时的情况:山东某地小县城,纯高考,因为爱英语报考北外。英语语法基础好(高考146),发音和口语为0(没夸张)。&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&本科期间精读、泛读、写作等都是班上很不错的。发音问题大、口语差,开口就错。各种不懈努力,口语课和辩论课积极磨炼,到了大三下的时候,发音基本没问题了,口语也好了。(见下文关于发音部分)&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&英语学院的学生手册前面有个文学作品书单,我会找看上去有意思的去图书馆借,每学期读一些,而且每个寒假或者暑假都会借五六本带回家读完。那个时候读的比较痛苦,但还是硬着头皮读。(书单见文末)&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&记得大二整年,我每天中午不午休,听一个小时的听力,做听写等,因为中学的时候这个也比较缺。&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&精读课文大声朗读,每篇都背诵。(见下文关于精读部分)&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&还有就是经常和老师讨论各种问题,每个疑问都不放过。&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&此外想不出还有什么特别努力之处了,真的是很久远之前的事儿了。&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&大二专四优秀,大四专八优秀(时间没安排好,作文没写完就仓促结尾了,字数不够)。&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&大二还是大三的时候开的辩论课,记不清了。当时有一团美国的学生来我们学校参加辩论交流赛,每班选出一名同学和美国同学配组。我和班上另一同学报了名,分别抽取老师给的题目做陈述,然后班上同学打分决定谁可以和美国同学配组。另一名报名的同学是北京的,非常优秀,口语特别好,准备的也很充分,但是辩论的时候刚好把题目说反了,可能是因为这个,虽然我发音不好,但是也逻辑清楚、观点明确,因此分数多了一点点。这是我想起来比专四专八都觉得自豪的一个小成就,因为口语是我的最短板。&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&大三有了口笔译课,开始热爱翻译。保送了英院MTI,保送考试成绩第一。研一去考了CATTI二级的口译和笔译。口译发挥的很烂,竟然也过了。&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&现在工作中遇到外商,他们说我&speak with a nice accent&,公司的老人和我一起参会,会后见到我会说“这个姑娘厉害”,说的“正宗”……他们说的可能就是本科时老师们有时开玩笑说的北外学生的非美非英的“国际标准音”吧。&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&&b&少跟我说天赋和聪明。&/b&&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&常有人对我说:你没出过国?那英语说这么好很有语言天赋。&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&我回一句MMP。&/p&&p&&br&&/p&&p&我初中去姥姥家过年还拿着教辅书在院子里做题,大一大二每天中午不午休、听一个小时的听力从不间断,整个大一只要开口说英语就请老师同学纠正我发音错误,大学期间每个寒暑假逼迫自己读完三五本英文原版书,本科期间记了二三十个笔记本的词汇和表达法,现在依然每天听新闻、读英文书——我费的这些劲,让你一句天赋抹杀?&/p&&p&学外语,需要系统的、长时间的投入;而且需要琢磨,光花时间是不行的。&/p&&p&要有意识地搞明白自己不懂的所有问题。光是花时间泛泛地听和读,提高的效率很低。这也是为什么在国外多年可能和刚去的时候水平一样。&/p&&p&怎么学?读、背、听、记。读不懂就先和译文对照读,不会的词去查,不会的语法去问,然后再回来读,直到理解透彻并且背过;听不懂就找文本看,其中不会的词去查,不会的语法去问,然后再回

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