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2 - Open Access Brunel.doc30页
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Efficiency and Productivity
of Greek Banks in the EMU Era
Georgios E. Chortareas?, Claudia Girardone*
and Alexia Ventouri?
We provide a characterisation of the Greek banking system’s efficiency and productivity under the new environment that the Economic and Monetary Union
participation implies. We consider cost and profit efficiency as well as productivity change of commercial banks using the non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis
and the Total Factor Productivity
Malmquist Index. The period under study is
covering Greece’s entry into the euro area in 2001 and the run-up to it. Moreover, enhanced competition along with lower inflation and interest rates has further motivated financial innovation and off-balance sheet
business. Our findings suggest that cost efficiency has risen by 4.3% over the six years under study. Moreover, Greek banks seem to enjoy relatively high profit efficiency
on average 75%
showing an increase by 93% over . Similarly, productivity seems to have risen by 15% and this was mainly driven by the improvements in the performance of best-practice institutions. Our results do not show any role for OBS activities in Greek banks’ efficiency.
Finally, while the impact of profitability and size on efficiency and productivity yields mixed results, our empirical findings seem to corroborate previous studies in that controlling for risk preferences is important in determining bank efficiency.
JEL classification: G21; D24.
Keywords: Greek B Cost/Profit E Data Envelopment A Malmquist Total Factor Productivity I Off-Balance Sheet Business.
? Department of Economics, University of Athens, 8 Pesmazoglou Street, 10559, Athens
G Tel.: +30 0 座机电话号码05; Email: gchortar@econ.uoa.gr
* Corresponding author: School of Accounting, Finance and Management, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ
United K Tel: +44 0
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城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的形态分析分析.pdf67页
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山东大学 硕士学位论文
城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的形态分析 姓名:裘娜 申请学位级别:硕士 专业:环境科学 指导教师:冯素萍 座机电话号码 山东大学硕士学位论文 摘要 在目前的城市生活垃圾处理方法中,焚烧法能较好的实现垃圾的减容化、无害化
和资源化而成为很多国家处理垃圾的主要方式。在我国由于城市生活垃圾并未经过妥
善的分拣处理,因而垃圾中常混入许多含有重金属的物质。城市生活垃圾经焚烧处理
后最终的产物为烟气及焚烧飞灰 底灰和飞灰 ,其中焚烧飞灰是重金属污染物质的主
要载体。目前垃圾焚烧飞灰的处置主要是安全填埋或用于制造建材的原料,飞灰中的
重金属在自然环境中经过风化及侵蚀后,易随着渗滤液而重新进入环境危害生态环境
安全。化学形态分析是一种认识重金属环境行为的有效方法。通过分析焚烧飞灰中的
重金属及存在形态,可进一步了解经焚烧后的垃圾飞灰中的不同形态重金属在环境中
的迁移转化行为,从而为焚烧飞灰的处置利用研究提供科学依据。 本文以济南市无害化处理厂垃圾焚烧炉飞灰样品为研究对象,采用微波消解法对
城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰样品进行预处理,在此基础上优化了城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的
微波消解酸体系及消解程序。优化后的微波消解酸体系及用量比例为I/N03:I-IF: 101l【Pa ,4min 15X lOlkPa ,6rain 20XlOlkPa 。该方法的相对标准偏差为1.2%-4.5%,加标回收
率为95.90/*-103.7%,应用于实际的城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰样品取得了良好的效果。实
验结果表明,与其他三种飞灰相比,除尘器飞灰中六种重金属元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Mn、
Fe和cr含量均较高,从重金属污染的角度看,除尘器飞灰应作
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