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& 众筹与合投是同义词、文字游戏还是另有玄机？
众筹与合投是同义词、文字游戏还是另有玄机？
&&日10:06&&中国电子商务研究中心
　　(中国电子商务研究中心讯)区分&众筹&与&合投&的内在区别，可以帮助广大普通投资人，在自身风险承受范围内选择合适的股权投资方式。　　当下，&众筹&一词风靡互联网界和投资圈，百度指数一度突破1万大关并长期处于高位。伴随着&众筹&的广受关注，另外一个词&合投&也开始进入大众视野，引起大家的兴趣，其中也不乏股权众筹平台声称自己是合投平台，也有一些创业者和投资人很迷惑自己参与的是众筹，还是合投。　　众筹、合投都有多人参与、资源汇集一处的含义，都是指多个人共同投资于一个项目的股权。那这两个词到底是同义词、文字游戏还是另有玄机？从云筹网2万名投资人投资的47个项目2.5亿元交易实践总结下来，我觉得&众筹&与&合投&真不是一回事，差异甚大，至少表现在：　　首先，参与对象和参与门槛具有显著差别。众筹主要采取&专业领投、大众跟投&模式，专业投资人或投资机构掌头阵，负责对项目进行尽职调查和估值判断，大众投资人轻松跟投，也就是说参与人有专业的投资人，更有非专业的大众投资人。合投则是一群专业投资人或专业投资机构一起合投一个项目，参与人都是专业投资人，没有非专业人士。对象的不同，导致参与投资的门槛也就不同。比如一笔500万元的融资，在云筹网上，除了领投人需要投资150万元以上，跟投人则可以3万元、5万元地低门槛参与。合投则不同，500万元的融资，二三家专业机构合投一般至少要近100万元左右才能参与。显然，众筹具备普惠金融的性质。也许有人会疑问，为什么不可以把几个大众投资人凑出一笔钱来投资一个项目，叫合投呢？在我看来，股权投资是一项非常专业的工作，必须具备行业分析能力、财务管理能力、风险识别能力、信息甄别能力、投后管理能力才能进行。没有专业人员参与的股权投资，十有八九会打水漂，风险太大。　　其次，权益关系和入股方式差别。&合投&的参与人虽然大家共同投资于一个项目，每个参与人都会做为独立的主体成为投资项目的股东，但是彼此之间是友好关系，并无什么权责关系，无论投资最后成功与失败，收益是大还是小，大家都互不负责，每个人对项目价值的判断，以及投资后的投后管理，都是各自自行承担，谁也不能代表谁。　　&众筹&的参与人之间，领投人和跟投人所各尽的职责差别就非常大。领投人做为专业机构，需要负责项目尽调、信息审核、估值判断、投后管理等专业工作，跟投人做一般履行出资义务，享受知情权和建议权即可。领投人和跟投人之间一般也会成立一家有限合伙企业，在有限合伙企业中领投人担任一般合伙人，跟投人担任有限合伙人。　　最终以这家有限合伙企业来投资于项目方，也就是说项目为只有一个股东就是有限合伙企业，而不是每一个参与人。本投资最后如果获得了收益，做为领投人尽责的回报，将收取跟投人一定比例的Carry(领投人向跟投人收取收益分成)。可以看出在&众筹&业务形态下，领投人与跟投人之间已经有很强的契约与权益关系。由于合投人之间没有明确的权益关系，更大程度是一种坊间行为，而众筹则成为拥有完整闭环的商业模式。　　最后，&众筹&比&合投&更具互联网属性。&合投&是传统私募和投资机构间联合投资的方式，将线下的一些投资程序和信息披露环节放到网上建立一个网站，面向的群体较小，多为工具的属性。&众筹&由于具有面向大众投资人的一面，需要汇聚各路跟投人的资源共同服务于投资项目，平台需要完成信息披露和交易撮合的职责，其互联网化设计和运营则是完全必要的。因此，每一个众筹平台都应该是具有互联网基因的平台，是&互联网+创业投资&的具体形态。纵观目前行业内各家平台，无论是名义上，还是实质业务上是做&合投&的，其业务发展能力和社会认可度，自身估值水平都远远低于众筹平台。　　区分&众筹&与&合投&的内在区别，可以帮助广大普通投资人，在自身风险承受范围内选择合适的股权投资方式，在适合自己的股权投资平台进行投资；也可以帮助创业者根据自身项目特定，决定到什么平台开展融资；对专业投资机构来讲，选择众筹模式意味着能够充分发挥资金杠杆作用，做更多的布局，同时也能从跟投人处获取一定比例的Carry。相较传统合投模式，面临更多的选择。(来源：《证券时报》）
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出门在外也不愁2016八年级英语下Module 4测试题（外研版带答案听力MP3）
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2016八年级英语下Module&4测试题（外研版带答案听力MP3）
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文章来源莲山课 件 w w w.5y K J.Co m Module 4 Seeing the doctor 检测题(时间：60分钟；满分：100分)一、部分（15分）（一）听句子，选出你所听到的单词。（每个句子读一遍）1.A.creative&&&B.active&&&C.activity2.A.member&&&B.number&&&C.captain3.A.organize&&&B.organized&&C.organization4.A.suggest&&&B.suggestion&&C.suggestions5.A.headache&&&B.toothache&&C.stomachache（二）听对话，选择最佳答案。（对话读两遍）6.Who isn’t feeling well?A.The doctor.&&&B.The mother.&&C.The son.7.How long has the boy been like this?A.For two days.&&B.For a week.&&C.For three days.8.Did the boy have a fever?A.Yes, he did.&&&B.No, he didn’t.&C.We don’t know.9.The doctor thinks&&&&&& .A.the boy’s illness is seriousB.the boy has to stay in hospitalC.maybe the boy has caught the flu10.What should the boy do?A.Stay at home and have a rest.B.Take more exercise.C.Take some medicine and drink a lot of water.（三）听句子，填单词。（每个句子读两遍）11.It’s very&&&&&& for the children to play on the road.12.I get exercise by&&&&&&& a long walk every day.13.&&&&&& weak after a long illness, I decided to take exercise.14.Your temperature is&&&&&& than usual.15.You should do more exercise, such as&&&&&& .二、单项（15分）16.―&&&&&& have you been like this?―Since Friday.& A.How soon&&&B.How often& C.How long&&&&D.How many times17.My brother spends&&&&&& time in front of the computer.& A.too much&&&&B.much too& C.too many&&&&D.many too18.It’s necessary&&&&&& exercise every day.& A.take&&B.takes&&C.to take&&&D.taking19.Some animals are in&&&&&& .We must protect them.& A.danger&&&&B.dangerous& C.dangers&&&&D.dangerously20.My brother ________ a cold for a long time.& A. have&B. catches&C. has caught&&D. has had 21.Why not&&&&&& him some advice?& A.give&&&&&B.to give& C.gives&&&&D.gave22.The girl is afraid of dark, so she always sleeps with the light&&&&&& .&& A.open&&B.on&&C.closed&&D.off23.―How long may I&&&&&& this book?―About two weeks.& A.borrow&&&&&&&&& B.lend&&& C.buy&&&&&&& D.keep24.The more exercise you take,&&&&& you will be.& A.health&&&&B.healthier& C.the more healthy&&D.the healthier25.―I am not feeling well. What should I do?―________ eating fast food and ________ breakfast every day.& A. S having&&&B. S have&& C. T have&&&D. T to have26.Please&&&&&& the radio. I want to study for my Chinese test.& A.turn on&&&&B.turn off& C.turn up&&&&D.turn down27.―How do you learn English?―I learn English&&&&&& reading English books.& A.in&&B.to&&&C.by&&&D.at28.South Africa (南非）is a&&&&&& country.& A.developing&&&B.developed& C.develop&&&&D.development29.We should prevent the wind&&&&&& the earth.& A.blow&&&&&B.blowed& C.to blow&&&&D.blowing30.My brother has&&&&&& the army for three years.& A.joined&&&&B.taken part in& C.joined in&&&&D.been in三、完形（15分）When Jeff was young，he had always been thin and strong. Now Jeff was forty，and he was fat and his muscles（肌肉）were very& 31& ．He did not wish to get fatter and softer every year. One day one of his friends said to him，“Do you want to be thinner，Jeff?”“& 32& ，I do，”Jeff answered.“Well，stop going to your office& 33&& car，and get a bicycle.”Jeff had not ridden a bicycle for many years.“It is very hard to learn to ride a bicycle again at your& 34& ，”his wife said.In& 35& ，it was not too hard for Jeff to ride a bicycle again. He usually sat in his living room and read the newspaper in the evening. But now he&& 36&& riding his bicycle every evening. He hoped that it would help him to get& 37& ，and he also got a lot of pleasure from it.He found some little roads which were not really very narrow but were not& 38&& enough for cars，and there he got away from the noises of the city，which were becoming too&& 39& for him.Then he began to go to his office on his bicycle. Sometimes all the cars stopped at a red light，but he could pass them to the& 40& ，because his bicycle was narrow. So he was very happy.31.A.soft&&&B.hard &&&C.sweet&&&D.smooth32.A.No longer &B.At once &&C.At all &&&D.Of course33.A.in&&&B.through&&C.by&&&&D.on34.A.body &&B.age&&&C.wish&&&D.leg35.A.fact&&&B.short&&&C.silence& &&D.place36.A.liked &&B.enjoyed&&C.practiced &&D.hated37.A.better&&B.thinner&&&C.weaker &&D.fatter38.A.high &&B.narrow &&C.wide &&&D.tall39.A.few&&&B.many&&&C.much&&&D.little40.A.front &&B.end &&&C.head&&&D.middle四、理解（20分）A&&& There is an old English saying. It tells us that we must go to bed early at night and get up early in the morning. Then we shall be healthy. We shall also be rich and clever. This is true. The body must have enough sleep to be healthy. Children of young age should have ten hours’ sleep every night. Children who do not have enough sleep cannot do their work well and they may not be healthy. The body also needs exercise. Walking, running, jumping and playing games are all exercise. Exercise keeps the body strong. Exercise also helps the blood to move around inside the body. It is very important. Our blood moves to all parts of our body. The head also needs blood. Exercise helps us to think better.41. If we want to be healthy, we must ______.A. eat moreB. sleep moreC. play moreD. go to bed early and get up early42. Children of young age should have ______ hours’ sleep every day.A. ten&&B. nine&C. eleven&&D. twelve43. If children don’t have enough sleep, they will not ______.&A. work well&&&& B. be clever and healthy&&C. eat well&&&&& D. A and B44. The body also needs ______.&A. sports&&&&&&&& B. running&&C. exercise&&&&&&&& D. playing45. Does exercise help us to think better? ______A. Yes, it does.&&B. No, it doesn’t.C. No, it does.&&D. Yes, it doesn’t.BDing-Dong！“Jason，honey? Can you answer the door?”“I’m busy，Mom！” Jason shouted back at his mother. He’d spent three hours so far working to this point in the game. He couldn’t stop now.Ding-Dong！Mom’s footsteps approached the front door.“Jason，it’s your friend Todd.”Mom called from the doorway.Todd, his best friend，stepped into the room.“Jason！I need a partner for playing basketball.” He sounded excited.Jason snorted. “No way，Todd. I’m playing a game here.”Todd shook his head.“You can play later. Let’s go.”Jason gave his friend a dirty look，and his character in the game almost got killed while he looked away. “I almost died because of you！”Todd looked at Jason’s mother. Jason’s mother looked back at him. They both looked at Jason. “Why don’t you play basketball with your friend?”Jason’s mother suggested.“Tomorrow，maybe...” There were more levels to beat tomorrow，though. Maybe he’d play tomorrow. He’d have to see what mood he was in. He thought he heard footsteps walking away，but he was too busy beating the next level to care.An hour later, Jason’s father came home. It was dinner time after his father washed up and sat down. Jason didn’t even hear his name being called to the table. He didn’t hear his father walk up behind him and ask him to turn the game off，either.When the screen suddenly went black and his father’s angry face loomed（赫然耸现）in front of him，Jason finally heard.“No more game for a month.” Jason’s father shouted at him.“You don’t play basketball，you don’t come to dinner，and you don’t do your chores. We’ll make sure everything else gets done before you play any more.”Jason nodded slowly. He knew better than to argue with his father，and when he thought about it，he had been playing quite a bit. It was fun，but he was letting down（使失望） his friends，his family, and himself by playing too much.He’d try harder in the future.46.What was Jason doing when his mother asked him to answer the door?A.Having dinner.B.Turning off the game.C.Playing computer games.D.Arguing with his father.47.What did Todd ask Jason to do?A.Help him cook dinner.B.Beat more levels for him.C.Repair the computer for him.D.Play basketball with him.48.Why did Jason finally stop playing the game?A.He won the game.B.His mother got dinner ready.C.His father turned off the computer.D.He decided to play basketball outside.49.What did Jason learn in the end?A.He thought that his father was too strict with him.B.He found that playing computer games was quite interesting.C.He realized it was an unhealthy habit to play games without dinner.D.He couldn’t spend all day playing games，because he had other duties.50.Which of the following is the best title of this passage?A.Inside the GameB.Games or SupperC.Jason’s Angry FatherD.Uses of the Computer五、根据句意及首字母提示完成单词（5分）51.―What’s w______ with you, Jeff?―I’ve caught a cold.52.You have caught a cold. Take the m______ three times a day, and then you will feel better.53. Eating vegetables and fruit is good for your h______.54.After a long week, the students feel s______ on Friday afternoon.55.I haven’t seen him s______ three years ago.六、用所给单词的适当形式填空（5分）56.―What about ______ (listen) to music?―That sounds good.57.Why not ______ (go) to bed earlier?58.It’s very interesting ______ (play) volleyball on the beach.59.To keep healthy, you should take more outdoor ______ (active).60.The doctor suggests ______ (take) a long walk after dinner.七、句型转换（5分）61.I have lived here for ten years.(对画线部分提问）&______ ______ have you lived here?62.He joined the army two months ago.(改为同义句）He ______ ______ ______ the army ______ two months.63.What’s the matter with you?(改为同义句）&______ ______with you?64.He got up early so that he could catch the early bus.（改为简单句）He got up early ______ ______ ______ catch the early bus.65.Why don’t you walk to school?(改为同义句）&______ ______ ______to school?八、完成句子（5分）66.让我量一量你的体温。Let me ______ ______ ______.67.你应该多吃水果和蔬菜来保持健康。You should eat more fruit and vegetables to ______ ______.68.谁参加了昨晚的聚会？Who ______ ______ ______ the party last night？69.我爷爷的健康状况很好。My grandpa is ______ ______ ______.70.在过去的几年里，我的学校变化很大。My school has changed a lot ______ ______ ______ ______ ______.
九、书面表达（15分）目前中学生的早餐问题已经引起了社会的关注，你所在学校的学生会在5月20日“全国学生营养日”开展了一项问卷调查，其结果令人担忧。请你根据调查结果写一篇短文，倡导营养早餐。学生比例&早餐情况&健康状况55%&有规律地吃早餐&身体健康，精力充沛25%&吃垃圾食品&营养不均衡20%&没有吃早餐&感到饥饿，上课无法认真听讲，容易生病提示词：regularly, active, junk food （垃圾食品），a balanced diet, as a result要求：1.所写内容必须包括表格中所提供的信息，并发表自己的看法。2.所给的提示词必须全部用上，可适当发挥。3.词数80左右。文章的开头已给出，不计入总词数。Breakfast Is Important&Breakfast is important. But not all the students have realized its importance. Here’s the result of our survey. 55 percent of the students _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Module 4检测题原文及参考答案1~5 BACCC& 6~10 CABCC11.dangerous& 12.taking& 13.Feeling& 14.higher& 15.running(一)听句子，选出你所听到的单词。（每个句子读一遍）1.I have never been active.2.Ben is a member of the school football team.3.The World Health Organization was set up in 1948.4.What suggestions did the doctor give you?5.―What’s wrong with you?―I’ve got a stomachache.(二)听对话，选择最佳答案。（对话读两遍）W:Good morning, doctor.M:Morning. What’s your problem, madam?W:It’s my son. He’s not feeling well. He coughs badly and can’t sleep at night.M:How long has he been like this?W:For two days.M:Does he have a fever?W:No. I took his temperature an hour ago and it seemed all right.M:Let me check him over. I think he has caught the flu.W:Is it serious, doctor?M:Don’t worry. Take the medicine and drink plenty of water. He’ll be better soon.W:Thank you.(三)听句子，填单词。（每个句子读两遍）11.It’s very dangerous for the children to play on the road.12.I get exercise by taking a long walk every day.13.Feeling weak after a long illness, I decided to take exercise.14.Your temperature is higher than usual.15.You should do more exercise, such as running.16.C& how soon“多久之后”；how often“多长时间一次”；how long“多长（时间、长度）”；how many times“多少次”。由答语Since Friday.（自从周五以来。）可知，答案应为C。17.A& too much“太多”，可修饰不可数名词；much too“太”，用于修饰形容词或副词；too many“太多”，用于修饰可数名词复数，由题干中的time“时间”可知，应选A。18.C& “It’s+形容词+（for sb.）to do sth.”意为“（对某人而言）做某事是……的”，为固定结构，故选C。19.A& be in danger“处于危险中”，为固定短语，故选A。20.D& 本题考查时态。由时间状语for a long time可知，谓语动词要用延续性动词，所&& 以排除B和C项；A项主谓不一致，故选D。 句意：我哥哥感冒已经很久了。21.A& “Why not do sth.?”意为“为什么不做某事？”，为固定句式。22.B& open/close意为“（门、窗等）打开/关上”；on/off可用来指“（电源）开/关”。由前文句意“这个女孩怕黑”可知后文应意为“因此她总是开着灯睡觉”，故选B。23.D& borrow“借入”，瞬间性动词；lend“借出”，瞬间性动词；buy“买”，瞬间性动词；keep“保存”，延续性动词，由句中how long“多长（时间）”可知，答案应选D。24.D& 句意为“你锻炼得越多，你就会越健康”。 “the+比较级…, the+比较级…”结构表示“越……越……”。healthy的比较级为healthier，故选D。25.B& 本题考查祈使句。and前后为两个并列的祈使句，应用动词原形开头。故选B。26.B& turn on“打开”；turn off“关闭”；turn up“调高”；turn down“调低”，由后句句意“我想为汉语考试学习”可知，前句句意为“请关上收音机”，故选B。27.C& by doing sth.“通过做某事”，固定结构。28.A& developing“发展中的”；developed“发达的”；develop动词，“发展”；development名词，“发展”。句意为“南非是一个发展中国家”，故用形容词developing。29.D& prevent sb./sth.（from) doing sth.“阻止某人/某物做某事”，固定短语，故选D。30.D& join“参加”，瞬间性动词；take part in“参加”，瞬间性动词短语；join in“加入”，瞬间性动词短语；be in“在”，可与一段时间连用，由句末时间状语for three years 可知应选D。31.A& 由下句“He did not wish to get fatter and softer every year.”可知，soft符合句意。32.D& no longer意为“不再”；at once意为“立刻，马上”；at all意为“完全，根本”；of course意为“当然”。由I do可知是对问句“Do you want to be thinner，Jeff?”作肯定回答，故选D。33.C& by + 表示交通工具的名词，泛指“乘坐某种交通工具”。by car意为“乘坐汽车”。 34.B& body意为“身体”；age意为“年龄”；wish意为“希望”；leg意为“腿”。句意为“……在你这个年龄再次学骑自行车是非常难的”。35.A& 考查固定短语。in fact意为“事实上”；in short意为“简言之”；in silence意为“沉默地”；in place意为“在适当的地方”。由后文句意“对杰夫来说再次骑自行车不太难”可知，in fact符合题意。36.C& like意为“喜欢”；enjoy意为“喜爱”；practice意为“练习”；hate意为“憎恨，厌恶”。句意为“但现在他每天晚上练习骑自行车”。37.B& 由第一段可知，杰夫过去很瘦，但现在越来越胖，他不想一年一年地变得更胖。所以他希望骑自行车能帮他变得“更瘦”。故选B。38.C& high意为“高的”；narrow意为“窄的”；wide意为“宽的”；tall意为“高的”。由句中的not really very narrow和but可知，他发现一些小路确实不是非常窄，但对汽车来说不够宽。故选C。39.C& too much在句中作表语，意为“受不了”。句意为“……在那里他远离了城市的噪音，他越来越受不了这噪音了”。40.A& 句意为“有时所有的汽车在红灯处停下，但他可以超过它们到前面去，因为自行车窄”。front意为“前面”，符合题意。41.D 由短文中“It tells us that we must go to bed early at night and get up early in the morning. Then we shall be healthy.”可知，只有早睡早起才可以保持健康。42.A& 由短文中“Children of young age should have ten hours’ sleep every night.”可知答案。43.D& 由短文中“Children who do not have enough sleep cannot do their work well and they may not be healthy.”可知答案。44.C& 由短文中“The body also needs exercise.”可知答案。45.A& 由短文中“Exercise helps us to think better.”可知答案。46.C& 由短文第三段中“He’d spent three hours so far working to this point in the game.”可知，答案应为C。47.D& 由文中“Jason! I need a partner for playing basketball.”可知，答案应选D。48.C& 由倒数第四段及倒数第三段中“When the screen suddenly went black and his father’s angry face loomed in front of him, Jason finally heard.”可知，是他的父亲关了电脑，故选C。49.D& 由倒数第三段贾森父亲对他说的话和倒数第二段文意可知“贾森最终明白，他不能整天把时间用在玩游戏上，他还有许多责任和义务”，故选D。50.A& 通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了贾森沉迷游戏，忘记生活中的一切。A项Inside the Game符合文意，故选A。51.wrong& 由答语句意“我感冒了”可知，问句应是询问对方怎么了，故使用固定句式What’s wrong with...?52.medicine&& 句意为“你感冒了。每天吃三次药，然后你会觉得好一些”。take the medicine“吃药”，固定短语。53.health& 句意为“吃蔬菜和水果对你的健康有好处”。your为形容词性物主代词，其后接名词，故填health。54.sleepy& 句意为“漫长的一周后，学生们在星期五下午感觉很困倦”。feel sleepy“感到困倦”，固定搭配。55.since& 句意为“自从三年前我就没有见过他”，“since+一段时间+ago”意为“自从……前”，用于现在完成时态中。56.listening& What about doing sth.？“做某事怎么样？”，为固定句式，故填listening。57.go& Why not do sth.？“为什么不做某事？”，固定句式，故填go。58.to play& “It’s+形容词+（for sb.）to do sth.”意为“（对某人而言）做某事是……的”，为固定句式，故填to play。59.activities& outdoor activities“户外活动”，固定短语。60.taking& suggest doing sth.“建议做某事”，固定搭配。61.How long& 62.has been in, for& 63.What’s wrong& 64.in order to/so as to& 65.Why not walk66.take your temperature& 67.keep healthy& 68.took part in& 69.in good health/in excellent condition& 70.in the past/last few yearsOne possible version:Breakfast Is ImportantBreakfast is important. But not all the students have realized its importance. Here’s the result of our survey. 55 percent of the students have breakfast regularly every day. They keep healthy and look active. 25 percent of the students just have junk food instead. They don’t have a balanced diet. It is bad for their health. 20 percent (of the students) go to school without breakfast. As a result，these students often feel hungry in class and can’t listen to the teachers carefully. What’s worse, they get ill easily.It’s necessary/important (for us) to have breakfast and we should also have the right kinds of food for breakfast. 文章来源莲山课 件 w w w.5y K J.Co m
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