盐酸文拉法辛及其代谢物O-去甲文拉法辛在健康志愿者体内的药代动力学及生物等效性研究--《中国医科大学》2010年硕士论文
盐酸文拉法辛及其代谢物O-去甲文拉法辛在健康志愿者体内的药代动力学及生物等效性研究
【摘要】：
建立一种灵敏度高、专属性强、操作简单易行的高效液相色谱荧光法(HPLC-FLD)方法,测定不同时间健康人血浆中的文拉法辛和O-去甲文拉法辛的血浆药物浓度。通过药代动力学参数,研究文拉法辛和O-去甲文拉法辛在健康受试者体内的药物代谢动力学特点及生物利用度,评价文拉法辛在人体内是否生物等效,确保临床用药的安全性和有效性。
采用双制剂双周期随机交叉试验设计。20名健康男性以自身为对照,随机交叉,分别服用受试制剂和参比制剂。受试者于试验前一日吃清淡晚餐且21：00后禁食,试验日晨空腹服药：口服盐酸文拉法辛缓释胶囊的受试制剂或参比制剂各1粒(75mg／粒),用250mL纯净水送服。服药5小时后进食统一的标准餐。试验期间有一名临床医生和二名护士监护,定时测量心率和血压,及时记录和处理不良反应。备有抢救设备、急救的SOP,以保证受试者的安全。
采用高效液相色谱荧光法,测定不同时刻血浆中盐酸文拉法辛及其代谢产物O-去甲文拉法辛的药物浓度。色谱条件：色谱柱：ODS-BP(4.6mm×150mm,5μm);流动相：(磷酸二氢钠缓冲液,磷酸调pH至3.0)：乙腈(30：70,v／v)；柱温：35℃；流速：0.7ml／min；50ul进样；FLD检测波长：Ex=227nm, Em=300nm。
分析软件：3p97软件。
盐酸文拉法辛及其代谢产物O-去甲文拉法辛血浆样品浓度在10～400μg／L内线性关系良好,在此条件下,在血浆中最低定量限为2.5μg／L；盐酸文拉法辛的高、中、低浓度回收率86.83～89.11%；高、中、低的日内变异系数小于15%；血浆样品在冷冻储存条件下50天内稳定。O-去甲文拉法辛的高、中、低浓度回收率86.72-96.47%；高、中、低的日内变异系数符合相关要求；血浆样品在冷冻储存条件下50天内稳定。符合生物样品分析要求。
试验结果表明：20名健康受试者按随机交叉法分别口服受试制剂和参比制剂75mg后,单次给药后血浆中盐酸文拉法辛的Tmax分别为5.95±0.95h(均值±标准差,下同)和5.80±1.01h；Cmax分别为62.03±34.56和64.70±37.80μg／L；t1/2分别为13.32±2.84和13.60±3.2h；用梯形法计算,AUC0-t分别为28.99和92.94μg·h／L,AUCo-∞分别为32.87和15.90μg·h／L；以AUC0-t计算,盐酸文拉法辛的相对生物利用度平均为107.60±16.90%。
受试制剂和参比制剂的O-去甲文拉法辛的Tmax分别为10.30±0.98h和9.90±1.02h；Cmax分别为74.52±10.22和74.90±10.45μg／L；t1／2分别为18.42±3.22和18.34±3.46h；用梯形法计算, AUC0-t分别为1.16和7.72μg·h／L,AUC0-∞分别为5.79和6.37μg·h／L。以AUC0-t计算,O-去甲文拉法辛的相对生物利用度平均为99.40±7.50%。
多次口服受试制剂和参比制剂后文拉法辛的AUCSS分别为77.55和22.65μg·h／L；Tmax分别为6.05±2.16和6.15±1.81h；DF分别为77.45±24.63和88.26±22.92；以AUCSS计算,盐酸文拉法辛的相对生物利用度平均为102.60±11.30%。O-去甲文拉法辛的AUCSS分别为6.59和2.27gg-h／L；Tmax分别为8.70±1.17和8.30±0.73h；DF分别为61.47±10.10和60.65±9.66。以AUCSS计算,O-去甲文拉法辛的相对生物利用度平均为97.90±8.00%。
1、本研究建立了一种测定人血浆中盐酸文拉法辛及其代谢物O-去甲文拉法辛药物浓度的HPLC-FLD法。
2、测定了20名健康受试者口服盐酸文拉法辛受试制剂和参比制剂后的血药浓度,经过药动学参数分析,盐酸文拉法辛受试制剂和参比制剂生物等效。
【学位授予单位】：中国医科大学【学位级别】：硕士【学位授予年份】：2010【分类号】：R96
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400-819-9993Patent CNA - In-shed sun-curing technique for regulating yellow sun-cured tobacco - Google PatentsCN AApplicationCN Aug 15, 2012Nov 4, 2011Nov 4, 2011.2, CN
A, CN A, CN , CN-A-, CN A, CNA, CN, CN.2, , , , , , , , ,
(3) , In-shed sun-curing technique for regulating yellow sun-cured tobacco
The invention relates to an in-shed sun-curing technique for regulating yellow sun-cured tobacco, in particular to a method for regulating yellow sun-cured tobacco by establishing a steel-framed regulating shed, which belongs to the technical field of tobacco application. The in-shed sun-curing technique for regulating yellow sun-cured tobacco is modified on the basis of existing methods and is characterized in that a, the steel-framed regulating shed is established, so that moving tobacco according to weather is no longer needed and the tobacco is successfully regulated in the withering and yellowing stage, the color fixing stage and the stem dr and b, the in-shed sun-curing technical technique includes the tobacco withering and yellowing stage, the color fixing and sun-curing stage and the stem drying and sun-curing stage, wherein in the tobacco withering and yellowing stage, interior temperature is controlled from 28 DEG C to 40 DEG C, relative humidity is controlled at about 70%, shed film at two ends of a shed is removed in the morning about 8 or 9 o'clock and reset at night at 6 or 7 o' in the color fixing and sun-curing stage, the film at the two ends of the shed are removed for ventilation, and low interior humidity of th and in the stem drying and sun-curing stage, ventilation area is reduced to increase the interior temperature. The in-shed sun-curing technique for regulating yellow sun-cured tobacco has the advantages of low cost, small floor area, low weather influence and high controllability and operability in regulation.
1. 一种调制晒黄烟的棚晒技术方法，其特征在于：先按需要建盖钢架调制棚，调制棚四周装有棚膜，调制棚两头开有通风门，将采摘的烟叶放置或者挂在调制棚内支架上，不需要根据天气情况来搬动烟叶，让烟叶在自然情况下完成烟叶凋萎变黄调制、定色调制、干筋调制三个阶段的棚晒调制过程。 A modulation technique sun-cured tobacco drying shed, characterized in that: first by the need to build a steel frame covered modulation shed, shed four weeks containing films modulation, modulation shed two open ventilation door and picking tobacco is placed or hung On modulation shed bracket, according to the weather conditions do not need to move the tobacco, so that tobacco Tobacco complete wilting yellow modulation in natural circumstances, given the tone system, dry ribs modulation modulation three-stage process of drying shed.
2.根据权利要求I所述的调制晒黄烟的棚晒技术方法，其特征在于棚晒调制过程的技术エ艺如下： a.烟叶凋萎变黄期：将调制棚内温度控制在28-40°C，相対湿度控制在68-72%，早晨一般8、9点钟揭开调制棚两头的棚膜，晚上太阳快落山前6、7点钟盖上调制棚两头棚膜；当调制棚内温度高于40°C吋，采用顶部加盖ー层遮荫网的遮盖方式，减少阳光射入量，使调制棚内温度不超过40度；当棚内湿度高于72%吋，揭开调制棚两端头门进行通风；在天气持续干旱烈日曝晒时，当棚内湿度过小达不到烟叶变黄所需湿度时，向调制棚内加水以增加棚内湿度，促进烟叶变黄； b.定色晒制期：采用调制棚两头揭膜通风方式，保证调制棚内湿度不高于设定值； c.干筋晒制期：減少通风面积提高棚内温度；3月份前湿度大，在调制棚下垫隔湿膜，调制棚两头通风直至晒干，进入3月份后温度增高，将隔湿材料收回，当烟叶干燥时及时下架。 2. I said modulation of sun-cured tobacco drying shed technology claim, characterized in that the technical EVAL arts studio sun modulation process is as follows: a tobacco leaf yellowing wilting period: modulation greenhouse temperature control in 28-40 ° C, relative humidity at 68-72% Dui, 8, 9 o'clock in the morning is generally uncover modulation shed two of the films, the evening before the sun go down 6,7 o'clock cover modul when the modulation shed temperature above 40 ° C inches for top stamped ー shade net cover layer, reducing the amount of incident sunlight, the modulation greenhouse temperature does not exceed 40 when the humidity is higher than 72% shed inches, uncover modulation shed both end d prolonged drought in the weather when sun exposure, when the humidity is too small shed not reach the desired humidity yellowing tobacco leaves to shed water modulation to increase greenhouse humidity, promote to b . set of color proofing: the modulation shed two Jiemo ventilation to ensure modulation greenhouse humidity is not highe c dry sun-dried tendons of: reducing the greenhouse temperature incre before March humidity, In the modulation shed underlying moisture barrier films, two ventilation modulation shed until dry, after entering the temperature increase in March, the moisture barrier material recovered in time when the tobacco drying shelves.
一种调制晒黄烟的棚晒技术方法 A modulation sun-cured tobacco drying shed technical methods
技术领域： Technology area:
[0001] 本发明涉及一种调制晒黄烟的棚晒技术方法，属于烟草应用技术领域。 [0001] The present invention relates to a modulation technique sun-cured tobacco drying shed, which belongs to the technical field of tobacco use.
背景技术： BACKGROUND:
[0002] 晒黄烟与烤烟相比具有独特的烟叶品质，能满足卷烟品牌对原料的多样化需求。 [0002] compared to sun-cured tobacco and cured tobacco leaf has a unique quality to meet the diverse needs of cigarette brands for raw materials. 晒黄烟的调制是在外界环境中进行的，是在光、热等自然条件下，协调烟叶的失水速率与颜色变化，使烟叶中的化学成分分解和转化，从而形成晒黄烟独特的香味风格、特有的化学成分含量和低焦油的品质特点。 Sun-cured tobacco modulation is carried out in the external environment, under light, heat and other natural conditions, coordination of water loss rate and leaf color changes, so the chemical composition of tobacco leaf decomposition and transformation, thereby forming a unique flavor style sun-cured tobacco , the unique chemical composition and quality characteristics of low tar.
[0003] 我国各地晒黄烟种类很多，调制技术因当地的气候而异，晒烟调制过程有采用直晾、直晒、捂晾、捂晒等处理[1]。 [0003] Many different types of tobacco around the sun, modulation techniques vary due to local climate, sun-cured modulation process has straight dry, brunt, cover dry, cover the sun and other process [1]. 广东南雄晒黄烟的调制为半晒半烤[2]M ;湖北黄网名晒烟的调制技术是将烟筋拍破，下午15:00后出晒，叶脉干后收回堆捂[4];广西贺县大宁烟的调制方法是采收时带茎收割，晒烟时先晒叶背，变黄后再晒叶面，以后每天翻晒，晒干卸夹扎成把，存放让其自然醇化[5]。 NANXIONG sun-cured tobacco modulation Half-baked half-sun [2] M; Hubei yellow screen name sun-cured tobacco modulation technique is to shoot broken ribs, after 15:00 pm the sun, after vein dry stack back cover [4] ; HE County, Guangxi rather smoke modulation method is with the harvest at harvest stems, first dorsal sun when sun-cured tobacco, after sun yellow foliage, a day after Fanshai, dried unloading clip beaten up, let the natural store Aging [5]. 由于各地环境不同调制技术也不尽相同，但主要都是在外界环境中进行的，利用光、热等自然资源，使烟叶中的化学成分向有利的方向转化[6]。 Due to the different parts of the environment are not the same modulation techniques, but are mainly carried out in the external environment, the use of light, heat and other natural resources, so the chemical composition of tobacco leaf in the favorable direction transformation [6].
[0004] 云南种植晒黄烟的历史悠久，大多处于自发种植状态，由于云南的地形、气候复杂，集居民族较多，习惯不一，晒黄烟的种植种类和调制方法并不统一。 [0004] The sun-cured tobacco grown in Yunnan has a long history, mostly planted in a spontaneous state, due to the complexity of Yunnan topography, climate, the kibbutz nation more accustomed to vary, sun-cured tobacco planted species and modulation methods are not uniform. 在云南晒黄烟的传统调制方法是采用竹篾笆晒制（简称笆晒），成本高、占地面积大，受外部环境因素影响大，特别在连续阴雨天气不易调制，不利于晒黄烟的大面积推广。 The traditional sun-cured tobacco in Yunnan, the modulation method is the use of sun-dried bamboo fence (the fence sun), high cost, large area, large affected by external environmental factors, especially in difficult modulated continuous rainy weather is not conducive to large sun-cured tobacco scale.
[0005] 重要文献如下： [0005] an important document as follows:
[0006] [I]赵立红，杨智林，何秀芬，等.晒烟不同采收调制方法对烟叶质量的影响[J].云南烟草，2003 (I) :21-24. [0006] [I] Zhao Hong, Yang Zhilin, He Xiufen, and other effects of different picking sun-cured tobacco leaf quality modulation methods [J] Yunnan Tobacco, 2003 (I):.. 21-24.
[0007] [2]陈黛，邱妙文，罗慧红，等.南雄晒黄烟[J].中国烟草科学，)，19-21. [0007] [2] Chen Dai, Qiumiao Wen, Luo Hui-hong, etc. Nanxiong sun-cured tobacco [J]. Chinese Tobacco Science, ), 19-21.
[0008] [3]孙福山，王传义，刘伟，等.南雄优质晒黄烟品质评价研究[J].中国烟草科学2006， (3) :32-35. . [0008] [3] Sun Fukuyama, Wangchuan Yi, Liu Wei, et Nanxiong quality research [J] sun-cured tobacco quality evaluation of Chinese Tobacco Science 2006, (3): 32-35.
[0009] [4]訾天镇.晾晒烟栽培与调制[M].上海：上海科学技术出版社，1998. . [0009] [4] Zi-day town of drying tobacco cultivation and modulation [M] Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 1998.
[0010] [5]陈怀珠，杨守臻.广西优良晾晒烟品种及其栽培与调制[J].广西农业科学，1994，1， [0010] [5] Huai beads, Yang Shouzhen Guangxi good air-cured varieties and cultivation and modulation [J]. Guangxi Agricultural Sciences, 1994, 1,
[0011] [6]宫长荣.烟草调制学[M].北京：中国农业出版社，2003. . [0011] [6] Evergreen Palace tobacco modulation [M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2003.
[0012] [7]胡建斌；尹永强；邓明军.主要晾晒烟调制理论和技术研究进展[J].安徽农业科学，2007 (35) : [0012] [7] Hu J Yin Y Deng Mingjun smoke modulation theory and technology research progress mainly dry [J] Anhui Agricultural Science, 2007 (35):
[0013] [8]刘国庆，方明，符云鹏等.调制过程中晒黄烟的物质变化和化学变化[J].烟草科技，2004 (7) :37-39,43 Sun-cured tobacco substances and chemical changes [0013] [8] Liu Guoqing, Fang Ming, Fu Yunpeng and other modulation process [J] Tobacco, 2004 (7): 37-39,43
发明内容： SUMMARY:
[0014] 本发明的目的在于克服现有技术受外部环境因素影响大、成本高、占地面积大、不利于晒黄烟的大面积推广的不足，而提供一种采用建盖钢架调制棚方式进行晒黄烟的调制技术方法。 [0014] The present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art by external environmental factors impact, high cost, large area, sun-cured tobacco is not conducive to large-scale promotion, and to provide a cover using construction steel shed modulation mode sun-cured tobacco were modulation technique method.
[0015] 本发明采用建盖钢架调制棚的方式进行晒黄烟调制的方法在现有方法基础上改进而成技术方案是：先按设计需要建盖钢架调制棚，调制棚四周装有棚膜，调制棚两头开有通风门，将采摘的烟叶放置或者挂在调制棚内支架上，不需要根据天气情况来搬动烟叶，让烟叶在自然情况下完成烟叶凋萎变黄调制、定色调制、干筋调制三个阶段的棚晒调制过程。 [0015] The present invention covers the use of construction steel modulation tobacco drying shed manner modulation method of improving the existing methods based on technology from the program are: press cover design need to build a steel frame shed modulation, modulation shed shed containing around Film, modulation shed two ventilation doors opened, tobacco will be picked placed or hung on the modulation shed stand, according to the weather conditions do not need to move the tobacco, so that tobacco Tobacco complete wilting yellow modulation in natural circumstances, fixer modulation, dry ribs modulation three-stage drying shed modulation process.
[0016] 其棚晒调制过程的技术工艺特征在于如下： [0017] a.烟叶凋萎变黄期：将调制棚内温度控制在28_40°C，相对湿度控制在68_72%，早晨一般8、9点钟揭开调制棚两头的棚膜，晚上太阳快落山前6、7点钟盖上调制棚两头棚膜；当调制棚内温度高于40°C时，采用顶部加盖一层遮荫网的遮盖方式，减少阳光射入量，使调制棚内温度不超过40度；当棚内湿度高于72%时，揭开调制棚两端头门进行通风；在天气持续干旱烈日曝晒时，当棚内湿度过小达不到烟叶变黄所需湿度时，向调制棚内加水以增加棚内湿度，促进烟叶变黄； [0016] which shed drying process technology features the modulation process is as follows: [0017] a tobacco leaf yellowing wilting period: modulation greenhouse temperature control at 28_40 ° C, relative humidity 68_72% in the morning generally 8,9 shed two o'clock uncover modulation of films, the evening before the sun go down 6,7 o'clock cover modul when the temperature is higher than the modulation shed 40 ° C, using the top covered with a layer shade net The cover, reducing the amount of incident sunlight, the modulation greenhouse temperature does not exceed 40 when the humidity is higher than 72% of the greenhouse, shed modulation opened doors for ventilation at b the weather continued drought sun exposure, when greenhouse humidity is too small not reach the desired humidity yellowing tobacco leaves to shed water modulation to increase greenhouse humidity, promote to
[0018] b.定色晒制期：采用调制棚两头揭膜通风方式，保证调制棚内湿度不高于设定值； . [0018] b given color proofing of: using modulation shed two Jiemo ventilation to ensure modulation greenhouse humidity is not highe
[0019] c.干筋晒制期：减少通风面积提高棚内温度；3月份前湿度大，在调制棚下垫隔湿膜，调制棚两头通风直至晒干，进入3月份后温度增高，将隔湿材料收回，当烟叶干燥时及时下架。 [0019] c dry sun-dried tendon of: reducing the greenhouse temperature incre humidity before March, when the modulation shed underlying moisture barrier films, two ventilation modulation shed until dry, after entering the temperature increase in March, the spacer wet material recovered in time when the tobacco drying shelves.
[0020] 本发明的优点在于：成本较低、占地面积较小、受天气影响较小，在调制过程中可控性和操作性强，所调制出的烟叶常规化学成分比例协调；感官质量好。 [0020] The advantages of the present invention are: low cost, small footprint, less affected by the weather, in the modulation process controllability and maneuverability, the modulation of the chemical composition ratio of conventional
sensory quality Okay. 在大面积的晒黄烟生产中，既有利于批量生产和安全生产，也能保障晒黄烟的品质。 In large areas of sun-cured tobacco production, it is conducive to production and safety, but also to protect sun-cured tobacco quality.
附图说明： Brief description:
[0021] 图I传统烟叶平辅在竹篾笆晒上进行自然晒干调制时，烟叶放置在竹篾笆晒制的示意图。 [0021] FIG. I assisted at the level of traditional tobacco drying on bamboo fence modulate naturally dried, sun-dried tobacco is placed in a schematic view of bamboo fence.
[0022] 图2本发明钢架调制棚的结构示意图。 [0022] FIG. 2 Schematic invention steel modulation shed.
[0023] 图3为传统竹篾笆晒制烟叶的状态图。 [0023] FIG. 3 is a traditional bamboo fence Shaizhi tobacco state diagram.
[0024] 图4为本发明技术在调制棚晒制烟叶放置状态图。 [0024] FIG. 4 of the present invention in the modulation technique shed sun-dried tobacco leaf placed the state of FIG.
具体实施方式： DETAILED DESCRIPTION:
[0025] 本发明的方法是在现有方法基础上的改进，其改进点在于： [0025] The method of the present invention is an improvement over existing methods based on the improvement point is:
[0026] I.建盖钢架调制棚，不需要根据天气情况来搬动烟叶，让烟叶在自然情况下完成凋萎变黄调制、定色调制、干筋调制几个阶段； [0026] I. modulation are built, steel shed, according to the weather conditions do not need to move the tobacco, so that tobacco modulation complete yellowing wilting under natural circumstances, given the tone system, dry ri
[0027] 2.棚晒调制技术工艺如下： [0027] 2. drying shed modulation technique process is as follows:
[0028] 烟叶凋萎变黄期：棚内温度控制在28_40°C左右，相对湿度控制在70%左右，早揭晚盖棚两头的棚膜，早晨一般8、9点钟揭开，晚上太阳快落山前6、7点钟盖上。 [0028] tobacco leaf yellowing wilting period: the greenhouse temperature control at about 28_40 ° C, relative humidity at about 70 percent, as early as late cover exposing shed two of the films, 8,9 o'clock in the morning is generally opened, in the evening sun go down the front cover 6, 7 o'clock. 棚内温度通过遮荫网揭盖及棚两头通风来调控。 Greenhouse temperature Uncovery by shade cloth and shed two ventilation to control. 棚内温度过高时，采用遮荫网遮盖，使棚内温度不超过40度。 When the greenhouse temperature is too high, the use of shade cloth covered, so the greenhouse temperature does not exceed 40 degrees. 湿度通过调制棚两头的通风来调控，当棚内湿度过高时，揭开调制棚两头通风；天气持续干旱烈日曝晒时当棚内湿度过小达不到烟叶变黄所需湿度时，向棚内加水增加棚内湿度促进烟叶变黄。 Humidity by modulating shed two ventilation to control when the greenhouse humidity is too high, modulator shed op prolonged drought weather sun exposure when the greenhouse humidity is too small not reach the desired humidity yellowing tobacco leaves to shed add water to increase humidity inside the greenhouse to promote tobacco leaf yellowing.
[0029] 定色晒制期：采用棚两头揭膜通风，保证棚内湿度不过高。 [0029] The set of color proofing: the shed two Jiemo ventilation, to ensure greenhouse humidity too high.
[0030] 干筋晒制期：减少通风面积提高棚内温度。 [0030] The dry ribs proofing of: reducing the greenhouse temperature increase ventilation area. 3月份前湿度大，在棚下垫隔湿膜，调制棚两头通风直至晒干，进入3月份后温度增高，将隔湿材料收回，当烟叶干燥时及时下架。 Before March humidity, moisture-barrier membrane underlying the shed, shed two modulation ventilation until dry, after entering the temperature increase in March, the moisture barrier material recovered in time when the tobacco drying shelves.
[0031] 实施例[0032] I材料与方法 Example [0032] I Materials and Methods [0031] Example
[0033] I. I 材料 [0033] I. I Materials
[0034] 试验于2010年10月-2011年5月冬春季进行，地点设置在云南德宏遮放，供试品种为晒黄烟云晒I号品种。 [0034] Test, 2010 Month - May 2011 winter and spring were, locations in Yunnan Dehong Zhefang for varieties of sun yellow cloud sun No. I species.
[0035] I. 2试验方法 [0035] I. 2 Test Method
[0036] 晒黄烟成熟采收后设置2种调制方法的处理。 [0036] modulation method setting process two kinds of sun-cured tobacco after harvesting. 处理A为传统的调制方法一色晒，处理B为创新的调制方法一棚晒。 A process for the traditional sun and sea modulation method, process B innovative modulation method a drying shed.
[0037] 处理A笆晒方法：用竹篾编织而成的竹篾芭（折），其长为170cm，宽70cm，每副晒笆需备长65cm、直径Icm去棱的竹撬棍3根，其两扇为一副。 [0037] A fence drying treatment methods: with bamboo strips woven bamboo banana (off), and its length 170cm, width 70cm, each pair of sun fence need to prepare long 65cm, diameter Icm to the edge of the bamboo crowbar 3 , which is a two. 每亩烟田需备300?350副(两块为一副），250平方米场地作晒场。 Tobacco need to prepare 300~350 deputy acre (two to one), 250 square meters space for drying yard. 烟叶上笆后在早晨无雾时搬到室外进行晒制，先晒烟叶背面约2-3天至烟叶正面7成黄，然后翻笆晒其正面约2?3天，之后根据叶面实际情况轮换晒制叶正面和背面，直至晒干。 After moving to tobacco fence in the morning mist outdoors without sun-dried, sun-cured first front surface of leaf tobacco for about 2-3 days to 7 percent yellow, and then turned its front fence sun about 2 to 3 days, after which the actual situation according to the foliage Rotation Shaizhi leaf front and back, until dry. 整个晒制过程一般需要13-17天，具体要根据天气情况。 Entire proofing process usually takes 13-17 days, according to the specific weather conditions.
[0038] 处理B棚晒方法：钢架调制棚建盖成屋脊形，每亩2个，规格为：中高160-180cm，边高100cm，宽330cm，长600cm(随地形)，四周盖上塑料膜，棚内分为三仓。 [0038] The processing method of drying shed B: Modulation steel construction shed built into the roof shape, mu two, specification: High 160-180cm, side height 100cm, width 330cm, length 600cm (with terrain), surrounded by a plastic cover film studio is divided into three positions. 将成熟叶片用线穿串或编杆，串或编杆间距离23-25cm。 The mature leaves with a line through the rod string or series, the distance between the rod string or series 23-25cm. 调制棚在半封闭的状态下，根据烟叶变化情况合理调整棚内的温度、湿度。 Modulation shed in the semi-closed state, according to the tobacco shed reasonable adjustment changes the temperature and humidity. 调制棚在烟叶的调制过程中白天保证一头通风或两头通风，两头交替通风，烟叶通过凋萎变黄调制、定色调制、干筋调制，18-21天完成棚晒调制。 Modulation in the modulation process tobacco shed in the day to ensure a head or two ventilation ventilation, two alternate ventilation and tobacco by wilting yellow modulation, set the tone system, dry ribs modulation, 18-21 days to complete drying shed modulation.
[0039] I. 3测定项目和方法 [0039] I. 3 measurement items and methods
[0040] 调制完成后，取烟叶样品进行常规化学成分分析和感官质量评吸。 After the [0040] modulation is complete, tobacco samples taken for routine chemical analysis and sensory quality of smoking. 常规化学成分分析按YC/T159-2002 (烟草及烟草制品水溶性糖的测定连续流动法）；YC/T160_2002 (烟草及烟草制品总植物碱的测定连续流动法）；YC/T161-2002(烟草及烟草制品总氮的测定连续流动法）；感官质量评吸按云南省推荐性地方标DB53/T182. 3-2006《玉溪优质烤烟单料烟感官质量评吸方法》，满分为100分，采用100分制的单体烟评吸方法。 Conventional chemical analysis by YC / T159-2002 (tobacco and tobacco products - Determination of water-soluble sugars continuous flow method); YC / T160_2002 (Tobacco and tobacco products Determination of total alkaloids continuous flow method); YC / T161-2002 (tobacco and tobacco products - Determination of total nitrogen continuous flow method); sensory quality smoking Yunnan recommended by local standard DB53 / T182 3-2006 &Yuxi quality tobacco unblended cigarette sensory quality smoking method,& out of 100 points, the use of 100 single smoke suction system assessment methods.
[0041] 2结果和分析 [0041] Results and Analysis
[0042] 2. I不同调制方法对晒黄烟常规化学成分的影响 [0042] 2. I affect different modulation method of sun-cured tobacco chemical components of
[0043] 通过烟叶常规化学成分分析可以看出，处理A笆晒和处理B棚晒方法调制的烟叶，其下部、中部、上部的烟碱含量皆低于2%，符合烟草行业“降焦”的原料需求；且两种方法调制的烟叶总糖和还原糖含量与烤烟含量接近，与传统笆晒相比，棚晒烟叶的烟碱含量稍高，总糖和还原糖含量略低，但总体上棚晒烟叶化学成分含量适宜，比例协调。 [0043] The routine chemical analysis of tobacco leaf can be seen, the process of drying and processing B A fence shed modulation tobacco drying method, the lower, middle and upper part of the nicotine content are less than 2%, in line with the tobacco industry, &tar& dema total sugar and reducing sugar content of tobacco and flue-cured tobacco content and modulation of the two methods close to the sun, compared with the traditional fence, tobacco drying shed higher nicotine content, total sugar and reducing sugar content is slightly lower, but overall the chemical composition of tobacco drying shed appropriate, in proportion.
[0044] 表I不同调制方法的烟叶常规化学成分 [0044] Table I chemical components of tobacco in different modulation methods
[0045] [0045]
[不同调制方法对晒黄烟感官质量的影响 [ Effect of different modulation method for sensory quality sun-cured tobacco
[0047] 处理B棚晒方法调制的烟叶，除上部烟叶的感官质量总分略低于处理A笆晒的，其下部烟叶和上部烟叶的总分皆高于笆晒的。 [0047] The processing method B modulation tobacco drying shed, in addition to the sensory quality scores slightly lower than the upper leaves A fence drying process, the lower leaves and upper leaves were higher than the fence out of the sun. 综合来说，棚晒调制的烟叶略优于笆晒调制的烟叶,主要体现在甜韵较好,有较好的树脂香、焦香及烤香为主体的香气特征、烟气清晰流畅，口感干净。 In summary, the modulation of tobacco drying shed slightly better than the fence sun modulation tobacco, mainly in the sweet rhyme better, better resin incense, caramel and roasted aroma characteristics as the main body, flue is clear and smooth, taste clean.
[0048] 表2不同调制方法的烟叶感官质量 [0048] Table 2 tobacco sensory quality of different modulation methods
[0049] [0049]
[不同调制方法成本对比 [ Cost Comparison of different modulation methods
[0051] 从两种调制方法的成本（表3)比较可以看出：钢架棚晒制使用年限长，亩成本和人工成本远远低于竹笆晒制，而亩产值只是略低于竹笆晒制。 [0051] As can be seen from a comparison of the cost of two modulation methods (Table 3): steel shed Shaizhi long service life, acres of costs and labor costs are far lower than the sun-dried bamboo fence, but yield value is only slightly lower than bamboo Shaizhi fence.
[0052] 表3不同调制方法成本对比 [0052] Table 3 Cost comparison of different modulation methods
[0053] [0053]
[0054] 3 结论 [0054] 3 Conclusions
[0055] 笆晒调制的烟叶干燥速度较快，颜色较好，但是笆晒费工费时、成本高、占地面积大、受天气影响很大，特别在连续阴雨天气不易调制，不适宜大面积推广应用。 [0055] fence sun dried tobacco modulation faster, better color, but the fence drying time and labor, high cost, large area, greatly affected by the weather, particularly in the continuous rainy weather is not easy modulation, suitable for large area application. 棚晒调制的烟叶颜色略深，与笆晒的相接近，但棚晒与传统的笆晒比较起来，钢架棚晒制使用年限长，亩成本和人工成本远远低于竹笆晒制，而亩产值只是略低于竹笆晒制。 Tobacco drying shed modulated color slightly darker, and the fence close to the sun, but the sun canopy and the sun compared to conventional fence, steel shed Shaizhi long service life, acres of costs and labor costs are far lower than the bamboo fence proofing, The yield value is only slightly lower than the bamboo fence proofing. 成本较低、占地面积较小、受天气影响较小，在调制过程中可控性和操作性优于笆晒，且棚晒调制的烟叶常规化学成分含量与笆晒接近，比例协调；在感官质量方面，总体略优于笆晒调制的烟叶。 Low cost, small footprint, less affected by the weather, in the modulation process controllability and maneuverability superior to fence the sun, and the sun shed modulation routine chemical composition of tobacco leaf and fence closer to the sun, the propor in sensory quality, slightly better than the overall modulation tobacco drying fence. 在大面积的晒黄烟生产中，建议使用棚晒进行调制，不仅有利于批量生产和安全生产，对晒黄烟的品质也有保障。 In large areas of sun-cured tobacco production, it is recommended to use sun shed modulated, not only conducive to production and safe production of sun-cured tobacco quality is also guaranteed.
*刘奕平Green house barn *云南烟草保山香料烟有限责任公司Aromatic tobacco steel-frame curing shed * Title not available *Philip Morris, IncorporatedMethod of curing tobacco *Souza CruzA solar collector for a tobacco leaves curing kiln and a method of heating the air that circulates through a tobacco leaves curing kiln1 *《烟草科技》
雷丽萍等 云南香料烟调制技术 , 第09期2 *宋玉川等: "", 《昆明师范高等专科学校学报》, no. 04, 30 January -01-30)3 *李天飞，雷丽萍，柴家荣: "", 《云南农业科技》, no. 03, 25 March -03-25)4 *胡建新: "", 《现代农业科技》, no. 23, 10 December -12-10)5 *雷丽萍等: "", 《烟草科技》, no. 09, 25 September -09-25)6 *马旭等: "", 《湖南农业科学》, no. 23, 15 December -12-15) *云南中烟工业有限责任公司Method for curing Yunnan peculiar yellow sun-cured tobacco variety in baking, color setting and stem drying stageInternational ClassificationC06PublicationC10Entry into substantive examinationC14Grant of patent or utility modelRotate