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标&&题:&论语（英文）二
发信站:&BBS&水木清华站&(Sun&Oct&12&03:22:29&2003),&转信
&&&&the&master&said&，&"a&transmitter&and&not&a&maker&，believing&in&and
lovingthe&ancients，&i&venture&to&compare&myself&with&our&old&p'ang."
the&master&said&，&"the&silent&treasuring&up&of&knowledge&；&learning
withoutsatiety；&and&instructing&others&without&being&wearied&：-which
one&of&these&thingsbelongs&to&me？"&the&master&said&，&"the&leaving&virtue
without&proper&cultivation；&the&notthoroughly&discussing&what&is&learned
；&not&being&able&to&move&towardsrighteousness&of&which&a&knowledge&is
gained；&and&not&being&able&to&change&whatis&not&good&：-these&are&the
things&which&occasion&me&solicitude."&when&the&master&was&unoccupied&with
business，&his&manner&was&easy，&and&helooked&pleased.&the&master&said&，
"extreme&is&my&decay.&for&a&long&time&，&i&have&not&dreamed&，as&i&was
wont&to&do，&that&i&saw&the&duke&of&chau."&the&master&said，&"let&the
will&be&set&on&the&path&of&duty.&"let&every&attainment&in&what&is&good
be&firmly&grasped.&"let&perfect&virtue&be&accorded&with.&"let&relaxation
and&enjoyment&be&found&in&the&polite&arts."&the&master&said&，&"from&the
man&bringing&his&bundle&of&dried&flesh&for&myteaching&upwards&，&i&have
never&refused&instruction&to&any&one."&the&master&said，"i&do&not&open
up&the&truth&to&one&who&is&not&eager&to&getknowledge，nor&help&out&any
one&who&is&not&anxious&to&explain&himself.&when&ihave&presented&one&corner
of&a&subject&to&any&one&，&and&he&cannot&from&it&learnthe&other&three&，
i&do&not&repeat&my&lesson."&when&the&master&was&eating&by&the&side&of
a&mourner&，&he&never&ate&to&thefull.&he&did&not&sing&on&the&same&day
in&which&he&had&been&weeping.&the&master&said&to&yen&yuan&，"when&called
to&office&，&to&undertake&its&duties；when&not&so&called，to&he&retired
；-it&is&only&i&and&you&who&have&attained&tothis."&tsze-lu&said&，&"if
you&had&the&conduct&of&the&armies&of&a&great&state，&whomwould&you&have
to&act&with&you&？"&the&master&said&，&"i&would&not&have&him&to&act&with
me，&who&will&unarmedattack&a&tiger&，&or&cross&a&river&without&a&boat，
dying&without&any&regret.&myassociate&must&be&the&man&who&proceeds&to
action&full&of&solicitude&，&who&is&fondof&adjusting&his&plans，&and&then
carries&them&into&execution."&the&master&said&，&"if&the&search&for&riches
is&sure&to&be&successful，&thoughi&should&become&a&groom&with&whip&in
hand&to&get&them，&i&will&do&so.&as&thesearch&may&not&be&successful&，
i&will&follow&after&that&which&i&love."&the&things&in&reference&to&which
the&master&exercised&the&greatest&cautionwere-fasting&，&war，&and&sickness.
when&the&master&was&in&ch'i&，&he&heard&the&shao，&and&for&three&months
did&notknow&the&taste&of&flesh.&"i&did&not&think'"&he&said，&"that&music
could&have&beenmade&so&excellent&as&this."&yen&yu&said，&"is&our&master
for&the&ruler&of&wei？"&tsze-kung&said，&"oh！&iwill&ask&him."&he&went
in&accordingly，&and&said&，&"what&sort&of&men&were&po-i&and&shu-ch'i&？
&&&&""they&were&ancient&worthies，"&said&the&master.&"did&they&have&any
repiningsbecause&of&their&course？"&the&master&again&replied，&"they&sought
to&actvirtuously，and&they&did&so&；&what&was&there&for&them&to&repine
about&？"&on&this&，tsze-kung&went&out&and&said&，&"our&master&is&not
for&him."&the&master&said&，&"with&coarse&rice&to&eat&，&with&water&to
drink&，&and&mybended&arm&for&a&pillow；-i&have&still&joy&in&the&midst
of&these&things.&richesand&honors&acquired&by&unrighteousness&，&are&to
me&as&a&floating&cloud."&the&master&said，&"if&some&years&were&added&to
my&life&，&i&would&give&fifty&tothe&study&of&the&yi&，&and&then&i&might
come&to&be&without&great&faults."&the&master's&frequent&themes&of&discourse
were-the&odes&，&the&history，andthe&maintenance&of&the&rules&of&propriety.
on&all&these&he&frequently&discoursed.&the&duke&of&sheh&asked&tsze-lu
about&confucius&，&and&tsze-lu&did&not&answerhim.&the&master&said&，&"why
did&you&not&say&to&him，-he&is&simply&a&man&，&who&in&hiseager&pursuit
of&knowledge&forgets&his&food&，who&in&the&joy&of&its&attainmentforgets
his&sorrows&，&and&who&does&not&perceive&that&old&age&is&coming&on？"
the&master&said&，&"i&am&not&one&who&was&born&in&the&possession&of&knowledge
；i&am&one&who&is&fond&of&antiquity&，&and&earnest&in&seeking&it&there."
the&subjects&on&which&the&master&did&not&talk&，&were-extraordinary&things，
feats&of&strength&，disorder，&and&spiritual&beings.&the&master&said，
"when&i&walk&along&with&two&others，&they&may&serve&me&as&myteachers.
i&will&select&their&good&qualities&and&follow&them，&their&badqualities
and&avoid&them."&the&master&said，&"heaven&produced&the&virtue&that&is
in&me.&hwan&t'ui-whatcan&he&do&to&me？"&the&master&said&，&"do&you&think，
my&disciples，&that&i&have&any&concealments&？i&conceal&nothing&from&you.
there&is&nothing&which&i&do&that&is&not&shown&to&you，my&disciples；&that
is&my&way."&there&were&four&things&which&the&master&taught，-letters，
ethics，&devotion&ofsoul，&and&truthfulness.&the&master&said，&"a&sage
it&is&not&mine&to&see&；&could&i&see&a&man&of&realtalent&and&virtue&，
that&would&satisfy&me."&the&master&said&，&"a&good&man&it&is&not&mine
to&see；&could&i&see&a&manpossessed&of&constancy，&that&would&satisfy
me.&"having&not&and&yet&affecting&to&have&，&empty&and&yet&affecting&to
be&full&，straitened&and&yet&affecting&to&be&at&ease：-it&is&difficult
with&suchcharacteristics&to&have&constancy."&the&master&angled，-but&did
not&use&a&net.&he&shot，-but&not&at&birds&perching.&the&master&said&，
"there&may&be&those&who&act&without&knowing&why.&i&do&notdo&so.&hearing
much&and&selecting&what&is&good&and&following&it；&seeing&much&andkeeping
it&in&memory：&this&is&the&second&style&of&knowledge."&it&was&difficult
to&talk&profitably&and&reputably&with&the&people&of&hu-hsiang&，and&a
lad&of&that&place&having&had&an&interview&with&the&master&，&thedisciples
doubted.&the&master&said，"i&admit&people's&approach&to&me&without&committin
myselfas&to&what&they&may&do&when&they&have&retired.&why&must&one&be&so
severe？&if&aman&purify&himself&to&wait&upon&me&，&i&receive&him&so&purified
withoutguaranteeing&his&past&conduct."&the&master&said，&"is&virtue&a
thing&remote？&i&wish&to&be&virtuous，&and&lo&！virtue&is&at&hand."&the
minister&of&crime&of&ch'an&asked&whether&the&duke&chao&knew&propriety&，
and&confucius&said，"he&knew&propriety."&confucius&having&retired&，&the
minister&bowed&to&wu-ma&ch'i&to&come&forward，and&said，&"i&have&heard
that&the&superior&man&is&not&a&partisan.&may&thesuperior&man&be&a&partisan
also？&the&prince&married&a&daughter&of&the&house&ofwu，&of&the&same&surname
with&himself，and&called&her，-'the&elder&tsze&of&wu.'&ifthe&prince&knew
propriety&，who&does&not&know&it？"&wu-ma&ch'i&reported&these&remarks&，
and&the&master&said&，&"i&am&fortunate！&ifi&have&any&errors，&people
are&sure&to&know&them."&when&the&master&was&in&company&with&a&person&who
was&singing&，if&he&sangwell，&he&would&make&him&repeat&the&song，&while
he&accompanied&it&with&his&ownvoice.&the&master&said，&"in&letters&i&am
perhaps&equal&to&other&men，&but&thecharacter&of&the&superior&man&，&carryin
out&in&his&conduct&what&he&professes，&iswhat&i&have&not&yet&attained
to."&the&master&said，&"the&sage&and&the&man&of&perfect&virtue；-how&dare
i&rankmyself&with&them？&it&may&simply&be&said&of&me，&that&i&strive&to
become&suchwithout&satiety，&and&teach&others&without&weariness."&kung-hsi
hwa&said，&"thisis&just&what&we&，&the&disciples，&cannot&imitate&you
in."&the&master&being&very&sick&，&tsze-lu&asked&leave&to&pray&for&him.
he&said&，"may&such&a&thing&be&done&？"&tsze-lu&replied&，&"it&may.&in
the&eulogies&it&is&said&，'prayer&has&been&made&for&thee&to&the&spirits
of&the&upper&and&lower&worlds.'"the&master&said&，&"my&praying&has&been
for&a&long&time."&the&master&said&，&"extravagance&leads&to&insubordination&
and&parsimony&tomeanness.&it&is&better&to&be&mean&than&to&be&insubordinate."
the&master&said&，&"the&superior&man&is&satisfied&and&composed；&the&mean
manis&always&full&of&distress."&the&master&was&mild&，&and&yet&dignified
；&majestic&，and&yet&not&fierce；respectful，and&yet&easy.
&&&&the&master&said&，&"t'ai-po&may&be&said&to&have&reached&the&highest
point&ofvirtuous&action.&thrice&he&declined&the&kingdom&，&and&the&people
in&ignorance&ofhis&motives&could&not&express&their&approbation&of&his
conduct."&the&master&said&，&"respectfulness，without&the&rules&of&propriety
becomeslaborious&bustle&；&carefulness，without&the&rules&of&propriety，
becomes&timidity；boldness，&without&the&rules&of&propriety&，&becomes
insubordination&；straightforwardness&，without&the&rules&of&propriety，
becomes&rudeness.&"when&those&who&are&in&high&stations&perform&well&all
their&duties&to&theirrelations，&the&people&are&aroused&to&virtue.&when
old&friends&are&not&neglectedby&them，the&people&are&preserved&from&meanness
the&philosopher&tsang&being&ill&，he&cared&to&him&the&disciples&of&his
school，and&said，&"uncover&my&feet&，uncover&my&hands.&it&is&said&in
the&book&of&poetry，'we&should&be&apprehensive&and&cautious&，&as&if&on
the&brink&of&a&deep&gulf，&asif&treading&on&thin&ice，&i&and&so&have&i
been.&now&and&hereafter&，&i&know&myescape&from&all&injury&to&my&person.
o&ye，&my&little&children."&the&philosopher&tsang&being&ill&，&meng&chang
went&to&ask&how&he&was.&tsang&said&to&him&，"when&a&bird&is&about&to&die，
its&notes&are&mournful；when&a&man&is&about&to&die，&his&words&are&good.
"there&are&three&principles&of&conduct&which&the&man&of&high&rank&shouldcons
specially&important&：-that&in&his&deportment&and&manner&he&keep&fromviolenc
and&heedlessness；&that&in&regulating&his&countenance&he&keep&near&tosinceri
；&and&that&in&his&words&and&tones&he&keep&far&from&lowness&andimpropriety.
as&to&such&matters&as&attending&to&the&sacrificial&vessels，&thereare
the&proper&officers&for&them."&the&philosopher&tsang&said&，&"gifted&with
ability&，&and&yet&putting&questionsto&those&who&were&not&so；&possessed
of&much&，&and&yet&putting&questions&to&thosepossessed&of&little；&having&，
as&though&he&had&not；&full&，&and&yet&countinghimself&as&empty&；&offended
against&，and&yet&entering&into&no&altercation；formerly&i&had&a&friend
who&pursued&this&style&of&conduct."&the&philosopher&tsang&said，&"suppose
that&there&is&an&individual&who&can&beentrusted&with&the&charge&of&a&young
orphan&prince&，&and&can&be&commissioned&withauthority&over&a&state&of
a&hundred&li，&and&whom&no&emergency&however&great&candrive&from&his&princip
：-is&such&a&man&a&superior&man&？&he&is&a&superior&manindeed."&the&philosop
tsang&said，&"the&officer&may&not&be&without&breadth&of&mindand&vigorous
endurance.&his&burden&is&heavy&and&his&course&is&long.&"perfect&virtue
is&the&burden&which&he&considers&it&is&his&to&sustain&；-is&itnot&heavy？
&&&&only&with&death&does&his&course&stop；-is&it&not&long&？
&&&&the&master&said&，&"it&is&by&the&odes&that&the&mind&is&aroused.&"it
is&by&the&rules&of&propriety&that&the&character&is&established.&"it&is
from&music&that&the&finish&is&received."&the&master&said，&"the&people
may&be&made&to&follow&a&path&of&action，&butthey&may&not&be&made&to&understa
it."&the&master&said，&"the&man&who&is&fond&of&daring&and&is&dissatisfied
withpoverty&，will&proceed&to&insubordination.&so&will&the&man&who&is
not&virtuous，when&you&carry&your&dislike&of&him&to&an&extreme."&the&master
said，&"though&a&man&have&abilities&as&admirable&as&those&of&theduke&of
chau，&yet&if&he&be&proud&and&niggardly&，&those&other&things&are&reallynot
worth&being&looked&at."&the&master&said&，&"it&is&not&easy&to&find&a&man
who&has&learned&for&threeyears&without&coming&to&be&good."&the&master
said，&"with&sincere&faith&he&unites&the&love&of&learning&；&holdingfirm
to&death，&he&is&perfecting&the&excellence&of&his&course.&"such&an&one
will&not&enter&a&tottering&state，&nor&dwell&in&a&disorganizedone.&when
right&principles&of&government&prevail&in&the&kingdom&，&he&will&showhimself
；when&they&are&prostrated，&he&will&keep&concealed.&"when&a&country&is
well&governed&，&poverty&and&a&mean&condition&are&things&tobe&ashamed
of.&when&a&country&is&ill&governed，&riches&and&honor&are&things&to&beashame
of."&the&master&said，&"he&who&is&not&in&any&particular&office&has&nothing
to&dowith&plans&for&the&administration&of&its&duties."&the&master&said，
"when&the&music&master&chih&first&entered&on&his&office&，the&finish&of
the&kwan&tsu&was&magnificent；-how&it&filled&the&ears&！"&the&master&said，
"ardent&and&yet&not&upright&，&stupid&and&yet&not&attentive&；simple&and
yet&not&sincere&：-such&persons&i&do&not&understand."&the&master&said&，
"learn&as&if&you&could&not&reach&your&object，&and&werealways&fearing
also&lest&you&should&lose&it."&the&master&said，&"how&majestic&was&the
manner&in&which&shun&and&yu&heldpossession&of&the&empire，&as&if&it&were
nothing&to&them&！
&&&&the&master&said&，&"great&indeed&was&yao&as&a&sovereign&！&how&majestic
was&he！it&is&only&heaven&that&is&grand&，&and&only&yao&corresponded&to
it.&how&vast&washis&virtue！&the&people&could&find&no&name&for&it.&"how
majestic&was&he&in&the&works&which&he&accomplished！&how&glorious&in&theeleg
regulations&which&he&instituted&！"&shun&had&five&ministers&，&and&the
empire&was&well&governed.&king&wu&said，&"i&have&ten&able&ministers."
confucius&said，&"is&not&the&saying&that&talents&are&difficult&to&find，
true？only&when&the&dynasties&of&t'ang&and&yu&met&，&were&they&more&abundant
than&inthis&of&chau&，&yet&there&was&a&woman&among&them.&the&able&ministers
were&no&morethan&nine&men.&"king&wan&possessed&two&of&the&three&parts
of&the&empire&，&and&with&those&heserved&the&dynasty&of&yin.&the&virtue
of&the&house&of&chau&may&be&said&to&havereached&the&highest&point&indeed."
the&master&said&，&"i&can&find&no&flaw&in&the&character&of&yu.&he&used
himselfcoarse&food&and&drink，&but&displayed&the&utmost&filial&piety&towards
the&spirits.his&ordinary&garments&were&poor&，&but&he&displayed&the&utmost
elegance&in&hissacrificial&cap&and&apron.&he&lived&in&a&low&，&mean&house，
but&expended&all&hisstrength&on&the&ditches&and&water&channels.&i&can
find&nothing&like&a&flaw&inyu."
&&&&the&subjects&of&which&the&master&seldom&spoke&were-profitableness&，
and&alsothe&appointments&of&heaven，&and&perfect&virtue.&a&man&of&the
village&of&ta-hsiang&said&，&"great&indeed&is&the&philosopherk'ung！
&&&&his&learning&is&extensive&，&and&yet&he&does&not&render&his&name&famous
byany&particular&thing."&the&master&heard&the&observation&，&and&said
to&his&disciples，&"what&shall&ipractice？&shall&i&practice&charioteering，
or&shall&i&practice&archery&？&i&willpractice&charioteering."&the&master
said，&"the&linen&cap&is&that&prescribed&by&the&rules&of&ceremony&，but
now&a&silk&one&is&worn.&it&is&economical，&and&i&follow&the&common&practice.
"the&rules&of&ceremony&prescribe&the&bowing&below&the&hall，&but&now&theprac
is&to&bow&only&after&ascending&it.&that&is&arrogant.&i&continue&to&bowbelow
the&hall，&though&i&oppose&the&common&practice."&there&were&four&things
from&which&the&master&was&entirely&free.&he&had&noforegone&conclusions，
no&arbitrary&predeterminations，&no&obstinacy&，&and&noegoism.&the&master
was&put&in&fear&in&k'wang.&he&said，&"after&the&death&of&king&wan&，&was
not&the&cause&of&truth&lodgedhere&in&me&？
&&&&"if&heaven&had&wished&to&let&this&cause&of&truth&perish&，&then&i&，
a&futuremortal！
&&&&should&not&have&got&such&a&relation&to&that&cause.&while&heaven&does
notlet&the&cause&of&truth&perish，&what&can&the&people&of&k'wang&do&to
me？"&a&high&officer&asked&tsze-kung，&saying&，&"may&we&not&say&that
your&master&isa&sage？&how&various&is&his&ability&！"&tsze-kung&said，
"certainly&heaven&has&endowed&him&unlimitedly.&he&is&about&asage.&and&，
moreover，&his&ability&is&various."&the&master&heard&of&the&conversation
and&said，&"does&the&high&officer&knowme？
&&&&when&i&was&young，&my&condition&was&low&，&and&i&acquired&my&ability
in&manythings&，but&they&were&mean&matters.&must&the&superior&man&have
such&variety&ofability？
&&&&he&does&not&need&variety&of&ability.&lao&said&，&"the&master&said&，
'having&no&official&employment，&i&acquired&many&arts.'"&the&master&said，
"am&i&indeed&possessed&of&knowledge&？&i&am&not&knowing.&butif&a&mean
person，&who&appears&quite&empty-like&，&ask&anything&of&me&，&i&set&itforth
from&one&end&to&the&other&，&and&exhaust&it."&the&master&said&，&"the
fang&bird&does&not&come&；&the&river&sends&forth&nomap：-it&is&all&over
with&me&！"&when&the&master&saw&a&person&in&a&mourning&dress，&or&any
one&with&the&capand&upper&and&lower&garments&of&full&dress，&or&a&blind
person，&on&observing&themapproaching&，&though&they&were&younger&than
himself&，&he&would&rise&up&，&and&if&hehad&to&pass&by&them&，&he&would
do&so&hastily.&yen&yuan&，&in&admiration&of&the&master's&doctrines，&sighed
and&said，&"ilooked&up&to&them，&and&they&seemed&to&become&more&high；
i&tried&to&penetratethem，&and&they&seemed&to&become&more&firm；&i&looked
at&them&before&me&，&andsuddenly&they&seemed&to&be&behind.&"the&master，
by&orderly&method&，&skillfully&leads&men&on.&he&enlarged&my&mindwith
learning，&and&taught&me&the&restraints&of&propriety.&"when&i&wish&to
give&over&the&study&of&his&doctrines，&i&cannot&do&so&，&andhaving&exerted
all&my&ability，&there&seems&something&to&stand&right&up&before&me；but
though&i&wish&to&follow&and&lay&hold&of&it，&i&really&find&no&way&to&do
so."&the&master&being&very&ill，&tsze-lu&wished&the&disciples&to&act&as
ministersto&him.&during&a&remission&of&his&illness，&he&said，&"long&has
the&conduct&of&yu&beendeceitful&！&by&pretending&to&have&ministers&when
i&have&them&not&，&whom&should&iimpose&upon&？&should&i&impose&upon&heaven？
&&&&"moreover&，&than&that&i&should&die&in&the&hands&of&ministers&，&is
it&notbetter&that&i&should&die&in&the&hands&of&you，&my&disciples&？&and
though&i&may&notget&a&great&burial，&shall&i&die&upon&the&road？"&tsze-kung
said，&"there&is&a&beautiful&gem&here.&should&i&lay&it&up&in&a&caseand
keep&it&？&or&should&i&seek&for&a&good&price&and&sell&it？"&the&master
said，"sell&it！&sell&it！&but&i&would&wait&for&one&to&offer&the&price."
the&master&was&wishing&to&go&and&live&among&the&nine&wild&tribes&of&the
east.&some&one&said&，&"they&are&rude.&how&can&you&do&such&a&thing？"
the&master&said&，"if&a&superior&man&dwelt&among&them&，&what&rudeness
would&there&be？"&the&master&said&，&"i&returned&from&wei&to&lu&，&and
then&the&music&was&reformed&，and&the&pieces&in&the&royal&songs&and&praise
songs&all&found&their&properplaces."&the&master&said，&"abroad，&to&serve
the&high&ministers&and&nobles&；&at&home，to&serve&one's&father&and&elder
brothers；&in&all&duties&to&the&dead，&not&to&darenot&to&exert&one's&self
；&and&not&to&be&overcome&of&wine&：-which&one&of&thesethings&do&i&attain
to？"&the&master&standing&by&a&stream&，&said&，&"it&passes&on&just&like
this，&notceasing&day&or&night！"&the&master&said&，&"i&have&not&seen
one&who&loves&virtue&as&he&loves&beauty."&the&master&said&，&"the&prosecutio
of&learning&may&be&compared&to&what&mayhappen&in&raising&a&mound.&if&there
want&but&one&basket&of&earth&to&complete&thework，and&i&stop，&the&stopping
is&my&own&work.&it&may&be&compared&to&throwingdown&the&earth&on&the&level
ground.&though&but&one&basketful&is&thrown&at&a&time，the&advancing&with
it&my&own&going&forward."&the&master&said&，&"never&flagging&when&i&set
forth&anything&to&him&；-ah&！&thatis&hui."&the&master&said&of&yen&yuan
，"alas！&i&saw&his&constant&advance.&i&neversaw&him&stop&in&his&progress."
the&master&said&，&"there&are&cases&in&which&the&blade&springs，&but&the
plantdoes&not&go&on&to&flower&！&there&are&cases&where&it&flowers&but
fruit&is&notsubsequently&produced&！"&the&master&said&，&"a&youth&is&to
be&regarded&with&respect.&how&do&we&knowthat&his&future&will&not&be&equal
to&our&present？&if&he&reach&the&age&of&fortyor&fifty&，and&has&not&made
himself&heard&of，&then&indeed&he&will&not&be&worthbeing&regarded&with
respect."&the&master&said&，&"can&men&refuse&to&assent&to&the&words&of
strict&admonition&？but&it&is&reforming&the&conduct&because&of&them&which
is&valuable.&can&menrefuse&to&be&pleased&with&words&of&gentle&advice？
&&&&but&it&is&unfolding&their&aimwhich&is&valuable.&if&a&man&be&pleased
with&these&words，&but&does&not&unfoldtheir&aim&，and&assents&to&those，
but&does&not&reform&his&conduct&，&i&can&reallydo&nothing&with&him."&the
master&said&，&"hold&faithfulness&and&sincerity&as&first&principles.&haveno
friends&not&equal&to&yourself.&when&you&have&faults&，&do&not&fear&to
abandonthem."&the&master&said&，&"the&commander&of&the&forces&of&a&large
state&may&becarried&off&，&but&the&will&of&even&a&common&man&cannot&be
taken&from&him."&the&master&said，&"dressed&himself&in&a&tattered&robe
quilted&with&hemp&，yetstanding&by&the&side&of&men&dressed&in&furs，&and
not&ashamed&；-ah&！
&&&&it&is&yu&whois&equal&to&this！
&&&&"he&dislikes&none&，&he&covets&nothing；-what&can&he&do&but&what&is
good！"&tsze-lu&kept&continually&repeating&these&words&of&the&ode&，&when
the&mastersaid，"those&things&are&by&no&means&sufficient&to&constitute
perfectexcellence."&the&master&said&，&"when&the&year&becomes&cold，&then
we&know&how&the&pine&andthe&cypress&are&the&last&to&lose&their&leaves."
the&master&said&，&"the&wise&are&free&from&perplexities&；&the&virtuous
fromanxiety&；and&the&bold&from&fear."&the&master&said，&"there&are&some
with&whom&we&may&study&in&common，&but&weshall&find&them&unable&to&go
along&with&us&to&principles.&perhaps&we&may&go&onwith&them&to&principles，
but&we&shall&find&them&unable&to&get&established&inthose&along&with&us.
or&if&we&may&get&so&established&along&with&them&，&we&shallfind&them&unable
to&weigh&occurring&events&along&with&us."&"how&the&flowers&of&the&aspen-plum
flutter&and&turn！&do&i&not&think&of&you？but&your&house&is&distant."
the&master&said&，&"it&is&the&want&of&thought&about&it.&how&is&it&distant？
&&&&confucius&，&in&his&village&，&looked&simple&and&sincere，&and&as
if&he&were&notable&to&speak.&when&he&was&in&the&prince's&ancestral&temple，
or&in&the&court&，&he&spokeminutely&on&every&point，&but&cautiously.&when
he&was&waiting&at&court&，&in&speaking&with&the&great&officers&of&thelower
grade&，&he&spoke&freely，&but&in&a&straightforward&manner；&in&speaking
withthose&of&the&higher&grade&，&he&did&so&blandly，&but&precisely.&when
the&ruler&was&present&，&his&manner&displayed&respectful&uneasiness&；
itwas&grave&，&but&self-possessed.&when&the&prince&called&him&to&employ
him&in&the&reception&of&a&visitor&，hiscountenance&appeared&to&change&，
and&his&legs&to&move&forward&with&difficulty.
&&&&he&inclined&himself&to&the&other&officers&among&whom&he&stood&，&moving
hisleft&or&right&arm，&as&their&position&required&，&but&keeping&the&skirts
of&hisrobe&before&and&behind&evenly&adjusted.&he&hastened&forward&，&with
his&arms&like&the&wings&of&a&bird.&when&the&guest&had&retired&，&he&would
report&to&the&prince，&"the&visitor&isnot&turning&round&any&more."&when
he&entered&the&palace&gate，&he&seemed&to&bend&his&body&，&as&if&it&werenot
sufficient&to&admit&him.&when&he&was&standing&，&he&did&not&occupy&the
middle&of&the&gateway&；&when&hepassed&in&or&out，&he&did&not&tread&upon
the&threshold.&when&he&was&passing&the&vacant&place&of&the&prince&，&his
countenance&appearedto&change&，&and&his&legs&to&bend&under&him&，&and
his&words&came&as&if&he&hardlyhad&breath&to&utter&them.&he&ascended&the
reception&hall，&holding&up&his&robe&with&both&his&hands，&andhis&body
bent；&holding&in&his&breath&also&，&as&if&he&dared&not&breathe.&when
he&came&out&from&the&audience&，&as&soon&as&he&had&descended&one&step&，
hebegan&to&relax&his&countenance，&and&had&a&satisfied&look.&when&he&had
got&thebottom&of&the&steps，&he&advanced&rapidly&to&his&place&，&with
his&arms&like&wings&，and&on&occupying&it&，&his&manner&still&showed&respect
uneasiness.&when&he&was&carrying&the&scepter&of&his&ruler&，&he&seemed
to&bend&his&body，as&if&he&were&not&able&to&bear&its&weight.&he&did&not
hold&it&higher&than&theposition&of&the&hands&in&making&a&bow，&nor&lower
than&their&position&in&givinganything&to&another.&his&countenance&seemed
to&change&，&and&look&apprehensive，and&he&dragged&his&feet&along&as&if
they&were&held&by&something&to&the&ground.&in&presenting&the&presents
with&which&he&was&charged&，&he&wore&a&placidappearance.&at&his&private
audience，&he&looked&highly&pleased.&the&superior&man&did&not&use&a&deep
purple，&or&a&puce&color，&in&theornaments&of&his&dress.&even&in&his&undress
he&did&not&wear&anything&of&a&red&or&reddish&color.&in&warm&weather&，
he&had&a&single&garment&either&of&coarse&or&fine&texture，but&he&wore
it&displayed&over&an&inner&garment.&over&lamb's&fur&he&wore&a&garment
of&black；&over&fawn's&fur&one&of&white&；and&over&fox's&fur&one&of&yellow.
the&fur&robe&of&his&undress&was&long，&with&the&right&sleeve&short.&he
required&his&sleeping&dress&to&be&half&as&long&again&as&his&body.&when
staying&at&home&，&he&used&thick&furs&of&the&fox&or&the&badger.&when&he
put&off&mourning，&he&wore&all&the&appendages&of&the&girdle.&his&undergarmen
except&when&it&was&required&to&be&of&the&curtain&shape，was&made&of&silk
cut&narrow&above&and&wide&below.&he&did&not&wear&lamb's&fur&or&a&black
cap&on&a&visit&of&condolence.&on&the&first&day&of&the&month&he&put&on
his&court&robes&，&and&presentedhimself&at&court.&when&fasting，&he&thought
it&necessary&to&have&his&clothes&brightly&clean&andmade&of&linen&cloth.
when&fasting，&he&thought&it&necessary&to&change&his&food&，&and&also
to&changethe&place&where&he&commonly&sat&in&the&apartment.&he&did&not
dislike&to&have&his&rice&finely&cleaned&，&nor&to&have&his&mincemeat&cut
quite&small.&he&did&not&eat&rice&which&had&been&injured&by&heat&or&damp
and&turned&sour&，nor&fish&or&flesh&which&was&gone.&he&did&not&eat&what
was&discolored，&or&whatwas&of&a&bad&flavor&，&nor&anything&which&was
ill-cooked，&or&was&not&in&season.&he&did&not&eat&meat&which&was&not&cut
properly，&nor&what&was&served&withoutits&proper&sauce.&though&there&might
be&a&large&quantity&of&meat&，&he&would&not&allow&what&hetook&to&exceed
the&due&proportion&for&the&rice.&it&was&only&in&wine&that&he&laiddown
no&limit&for&himself，&but&he&did&not&allow&himself&to&be&confused&by
it.&he&did&not&partake&of&wine&and&dried&meat&bought&in&the&market.&he
was&never&without&ginger&when&he&ate.&he&did&not&eat&much.&when&he&had
been&assisting&at&the&prince's&sacrifice，&he&did&not&keep&theflesh&which
he&received&overnight.&the&flesh&of&his&family&sacrifice&he&did&notkeep
over&three&days.&if&kept&over&three&days，&people&could&not&eat&it.&when
eating，&he&did&not&converse.&when&in&bed&，&he&did&not&speak.&although
his&food&might&be&coarse&rice&and&vegetable&soup，&he&would&offer&alittle
of&it&in&sacrifice&with&a&grave&，&respectful&air.&if&his&mat&was&not
straight，&he&did&not&sit&on&it.&when&the&villagers&were&drinking&together，
upon&those&who&carried&staffsgoing&out，&he&also&went&out&immediately
after.&when&the&villagers&were&going&through&their&ceremonies&to&drive
awaypestilential&influences&，&he&put&on&his&court&robes&and&stood&on
the&easternsteps.&when&he&was&sending&complimentary&inquiries&to&any&one
in&another&state，&hebowed&twice&as&he&escorted&the&messenger&away.&chi
k'ang&having&sent&him&a&present&of&physic&，&he&bowed&and&received&it&，
saying，"i&do&not&know&it.&i&dare&not&taste&it."&the&stable&being&burned
down，&when&he&was&at&court&，&on&his&return&he&said，"has&any&man&been
hurt？"&he&did&not&ask&about&the&horses.&when&the&he&would&adjust&his
mat&，&first&taste&it&，&and&then&give&it&away&toothers.&when&the&prince
sent&him&a&gift&of&undressed&meat&，&he&would&have&itcooked&，&and&offer
it&to&the&spirits&of&his&ancestors.&when&the&prince&sent&him&agift&of
a&living&animal&，&he&would&keep&it&alive.&when&he&was&in&attendance&on
the&prince&and&joining&in&the&entertainment&，the&prince&only&sacrificed.
he&first&tasted&everything.&when&he&was&ill&and&the&prince&came&to&visit
him&，&he&had&his&head&to&theeast&，made&his&court&robes&be&spread&over
him&，&and&drew&his&girdle&across&them.&when&the&prince's&order&called
him&，&without&waiting&for&his&carriage&to&beyoked，he&went&at&once.&when
he&entered&the&ancestral&temple&of&the&state，&he&asked&about&everything.
when&any&of&his&friends&died，&if&he&had&no&relations&offices&，&he&would
say&，"i&will&bury&him."&when&a&friend&sent&him&a&present&，&though&it
might&be&a&carriage&and&horses，he&did&not&bow.&the&only&present&for&which
he&bowed&was&that&of&the&flesh&of&sacrifice.&in&bed&，&he&did&not&lie
like&a&corpse.&at&home，&he&did&not&put&on&any&formaldeportment.&when
he&saw&any&one&in&a&mourning&dress，&though&it&might&be&an&acquaintance
，he&would&change&countenance；&when&he&saw&any&one&wearing&the&cap&of
full&dress，or&a&blind&person&，&though&he&might&be&in&his&undress，&he
would&salute&him&in&aceremonious&manner.&to&any&person&in&mourning&he
bowed&forward&to&the&crossbar&of&his&carriage&；he&bowed&in&the&same&way
to&any&one&bearing&the&tables&of&population.&when&he&was&at&an&entertainment
where&there&was&an&abundance&of&provisionsset&before&him，&he&would&change
countenance&and&rise&up.&on&a&sudden&clap&of&thunder，&or&a&violent&wind，
he&would&change&countenance.&when&he&was&about&to&mount&his&carriage，
he&would&stand&straight&，&holdingthe&cord.&when&he&was&in&the&carriage
，he&did&not&turn&his&head&quite&round&，&he&didnot&talk&hastily&，&he
did&not&point&with&his&hands.&seeing&the&countenance，&it&instantly&rises.
it&flies&round，&and&by&and&bysettles.&the&master&said，&"there&is&the
hen-pheasant&on&the&hill&bridge.&at&itsseason&！&at&its&season！"&tsze-lu
made&a&motion&to&it.&thrice&it&smelt&him&andthen&rose.
&&&&the&master&said&，"the&men&of&former&times&in&the&matters&of&ceremonies
andmusic&were&rustics&，it&is&said，&while&the&men&of&these&latter&times，
inceremonies&and&music，are&accomplished&gentlemen.&"if&i&have&occasion
to&use&those&things&，i&follow&the&men&of&former&times."&the&master&said，
"of&those&who&were&with&me&in&ch'an&and&ts'ai&，&there&arenone&to&be&found
to&enter&my&door."&distinguished&for&their&virtuous&principles&and&practice，
there&were&yenyuan，min&tsze-ch'ien&，&zan&po-niu&，&and&chung-kung&；
for&their&ability&in&speech&，tsai&wo&and&tsze-kung&；&for&their&administrat
talents&，&zan&yu&and&chi&lu；&fortheir&literary&acquirements&，&tsze-yu
and&tsze-hsia.&the&master&said，&"hui&gives&me&no&assistance.&there&is
nothing&that&i&say&inwhich&he&does&not&delight."&the&master&said，&"filial
indeed&is&min&tsze-ch'ien&！&other&people&say&nothingof&him&different
from&the&report&of&his&parents&and&brothers."&nan&yung&was&frequently
repeating&the&lines&about&a&white&scepter&stone.confucius&gave&him&the
daughter&of&his&elder&brother&to&wife.&chi&k'ang&asked&which&of&the&disciple
loved&to&learn.&confucius&replied&tohim&，"there&was&yen&hui；&he&loved
to&learn.&unfortunately&his&appointed&time&wasshort&，&and&he&died.&now
there&is&no&one&who&loves&to&learn，&as&he&did."&when&yen&yuan&died&，
yen&lu&begged&the&carriage&of&the&master&to&sell&and&getan&outer&shell
for&his&son's&coffin.&the&master&said&，&"every&one&calls&his&son&his
son&，&whether&he&has&talents&orhas&not&talents.&there&was&li&；&when
he&died&，&he&had&a&coffin&but&no&outer&shell.i&would&not&walk&on&foot
to&get&a&shell&for&him，&because，&having&followed&in&therear&of&the&great
officers，&it&was&not&proper&that&i&should&walk&on&foot."&when&yen&yuan
died，&the&master&said，&"alas！&heaven&is&destroying&me！&heavenis&destroyi
me！"&when&yen&yuan&died，&the&master&bewailed&him&exceedingly，&and&the
discipleswho&were&with&him&said&，&"master，&your&grief&is&excessive！
&&&&"&"is&it&excessive？"&said&he.&"if&i&am&not&to&mourn&bitterly&for
this&man，&forwhom&should&i&mourn&？"&when&yen&yuan&died，&the&disciples
wished&to&give&him&a&great&funeral，&andthe&master&said&，&"you&may&not
do&so."&the&disciples&did&bury&him&in&great&style.&the&master&said，&"hui
behaved&towards&me&as&his&father.&i&have&not&been&ableto&treat&him&as
my&son.&the&fault&is&not&mine&；&it&belongs&to&you，&o&disciples."&chi
lu&asked&about&serving&the&spirits&of&the&dead.&the&master&said&，&"whileyou
are&not&able&to&serve&men&，&how&can&you&serve&their&spirits？"&chi&lu
added&，"i&venture&to&ask&about&death&？"&he&was&answered&，&"while&you
do&not&know&life，how&can&you&know&about&death？"&the&disciple&min&was
standing&by&his&side，&looking&bland&and&precise；&tsze-lu，looking&bold
and&soldierly&；&zan&yu&and&tsze-kung&，&with&a&free&andstraightforward
manner.&the&master&was&pleased.&he&said&，&"yu，&there！-he&will&not&die
a&natural&death."&some&parties&in&lu&were&going&to&take&down&and&rebuild
the&long&treasury.&min&tsze-ch'ien&said&，&"suppose&it&were&to&be&repaired
after&its&old&style&；-why&must&it&be&altered&and&made&anew&？"&the&master
said，"this&man&seldom&speaks&；&when&he&does&，&he&is&sure&to&hitthe
point."&the&master&said&，&"what&has&the&lute&of&yu&to&do&in&my&door？
&&&&"&the&other&disciples&began&not&to&respect&tszelu.&the&master&said，
"yu&hasascended&to&the&hall&，&though&he&has&not&yet&passed&into&the&inner
apartments."&tsze-kung&asked&which&of&the&two&，&shih&or&shang，&was&the
superior.&themaster&said，&"shih&goes&beyond&the&due&mean&，&and&shang
does&not&come&up&to&it."&"then，"&said&tsze-kung，&"the&superiority&is
with&shih&，&i&suppose."&the&master&said，&"to&go&beyond&is&as&wrong&as
to&fall&short."&the&head&of&the&chi&family&was&richer&than&the&duke&of
chau&had&been&，&andyet&ch'iu&collected&his&imposts&for&him&，&and&increased
his&wealth.&the&master&said&，&"he&is&no&disciple&of&mine.&my&little&childre
beat&thedrum&and&assail&him."&ch'ai&is&simple.&shan&is&dull.&shih&is&speciou
yu&is&coarse.&the&master&said&，&"there&is&hui！&he&has&nearly&attained
to&perfect&virtue.&heis&often&in&want.&"ts'ze&does&not&acquiesce&in&the
appointments&of&heaven，&and&his&goods&areincreased&by&him.&yet&his&judgment
are&often&correct."&tsze-chang&asked&what&were&the&characteristics&of
the&good&man.&the&mastersaid，"he&does&not&tread&in&the&footsteps&of&others，
but&moreover，&he&does&notenter&the&chamber&of&the&sage."&the&master&said，
"if&，&because&a&man's&discourse&appears&solid&and&sincere，we&allow&him
to&be&a&good&man，&is&he&really&a&superior&man？&or&is&his&gravityonly
in&appearance&？"&tsze-lu&asked&whether&he&should&immediately&carry&into
practice&what&heheard.&the&master&said，&"there&are&your&father&and&elder
brothers&to&beconsulted&；-why&should&you&act&on&that&principle&of&immediate
carrying&intopractice&what&you&hear&？"&zan&yu&asked&the&same&，&whether
he&should&immediatelycarry&into&practice&what&he&heard，&and&the&master
answered，&"immediately&carryinto&practice&what&you&hear."&kung-hsi&hwa
said，&"yu&asked&whether&he&shouldcarry&immediately&into&practice&what
he&heard，&and&you&said&，&'there&are&yourfather&and&elder&brothers&to
be&consulted.'&ch'iu&asked&whether&he&shouldimmediately&carry&into&practice
what&he&heard&，&and&you&said&，&'carry&itimmediately&into&practice.'
i&，&ch'ih，&am&perplexed&，&and&venture&to&ask&you&foran&explanation."
the&master&said&，&"ch'iu&is&retiring&and&slow；&therefore&i&urgedhim
forward.&yu&has&more&than&his&own&share&of&energy&；&therefore&i&kept
himback."&the&master&was&put&in&fear&in&k'wang&and&yen&yuan&fell&behind.
the&master，on&his&rejoining&him，&said&，&"i&thought&you&had&died."&hui
replied&，&"while&youwere&alive&，&how&should&i&presume&to&die？"&chi
tsze-zan&asked&whether&chung&yu&and&zan&ch'iu&could&be&called&greatministers
the&master&said&，&"i&thought&you&would&ask&about&some&extraordinaryindividu
and&you&only&ask&about&yu&and&ch'iu&！
&&&&"what&is&called&a&great&minister，&is&one&who&serves&his&prince&accordin
towhat&is&right&，&and&when&he&finds&he&cannot&do&so，&retires.&"now，
as&to&yu&and&ch'iu，&they&may&be&called&ordinary&ministers."&tsze-zan
said，&"then&they&will&always&follow&their&chief；-win&they&？"&the&master
said，&"in&an&act&of&parricide&or&regicide，&they&would&not&followhim."
&&&&tsze-lu&got&tsze-kao&appointed&governor&of&pi.&the&master&said，&"you
are&injuring&a&man's&son."&tsze-lu&said&，&"there&are&，&there，&common
people&and&officers&；&there&are&thealtars&of&the&spirits&of&the&land
and&grain.&why&must&one&read&books&before&hecan&be&considered&to&have
learned&？"&the&master&said&，&"it&is&on&this&account&that&i&hate&your
glib-tonguedpeople."&tsze-lu，&tsang&hsi，&zan&yu&，&and&kunghsi&hwa&were
sitting&by&the&master.&he&said&to&them，&"though&i&am&a&day&or&so&older
than&you，&do&not&think&ofthat.&"from&day&to&day&you&are&saying&，&'we
are&not&known.'&if&some&ruler&were&toknow&you&，&what&would&you&like&to
do？"&tsze-lu&hastily&and&lightly&replied&，&"suppose&the&case&of&a&state
of&tenthousand&chariots&；&let&it&be&straitened&between&other&large&cities
；&let&it&besuffering&from&invading&armies；&and&to&this&let&there&be
added&a&famine&in&cornand&in&all&vegetables&：-if&i&were&intrusted&with
the&government&of&it，&in&threeyears'&time&i&could&make&the&people&to
be&bold&，&and&to&recognize&the&rules&ofrighteous&conduct."&the&master
smiled&at&him.&turning&to&yen&yu，&he&said，&"ch'iu&，&what&are&your&wishes？
&&&&"&ch'iu&replied&，"suppose&a&state&of&sixty&or&seventy&li&square，
or&one&of&fifty&or&sixty，&andlet&me&have&the&government&of&it；-in&three
years'&time&，&i&could&make&plenty&toabound&among&the&people.&as&to&teaching
them&the&principles&of&propriety，&andmusic&，&i&must&wait&for&the&rise
of&a&superior&man&to&do&that."&"what&are&your&wishes，&ch'ih，"&said&the
master&next&to&kung-hsi&hwa.&ch'ihreplied&，&"i&do&not&say&that&my&ability
extends&to&these&things&，&but&i&shouldwish&to&learn&them.&at&the&services
of&the&ancestral&temple&，&and&at&theaudiences&of&the&princes&with&the
sovereign&，&i&should&like，&dressed&in&the&darksquare-made&robe&and&the
black&linen&cap&，&to&act&as&a&small&assistant."&last&of&all，&the&master
asked&tsang&hsi&，&"tien，&what&are&your&wishes&？"&tien，pausing&as&he
was&playing&on&his&lute&，&while&it&was&yet&twanging，&laid&theinstrument
aside&，&and&"my&wishes&，"&he&said&，&"are&different&from&the&cherishedpurp
of&these&three&gentlemen."&"what&harm&is&there&in&that？"&said&themaster
；&"do&you&also&，&as&well&as&they，&speak&out&your&wishes."&tien&then
said，"in&this，&the&last&month&of&spring&，&with&the&dress&of&the&season
all&complete，along&with&five&or&six&young&men&who&have&assumed&the&cap
，and&six&or&seven&boys，i&would&wash&in&the&i&，&enjoy&the&breeze&among
the&rain&altars&，&and&return&homesinging."&the&master&heaved&a&sigh&and
said，&"i&give&my&approval&to&tien."&the&three&others&having&gone&out&，
tsang&hsi&remained&behind&，&and&said&，&"whatdo&you&think&of&the&words
of&these&three&friends？"&the&master&replied，&"theysimply&told&each&one
his&wishes."&hsi&pursued，&"master，&why&did&you&smile&at&yu？"&he&was
answered，&"the&management&of&a&state&demands&the&rules&of&propriety.his
words&were&not&humble&；&therefore&i&smiled&at&him."&hsi&again&said&，
"but&was&it&not&a&state&which&ch'iu&proposed&for&himself？"the&reply&was，
"yes；&did&you&ever&see&a&territory&of&sixty&or&seventy&li&or&oneof&fifty
or&sixty，&which&was&not&a&state？"&once&more&，&hsi&inquired&，&"and
was&it&not&a&state&which&ch'ih&proposed&forhimself？"&the&master&again
replied&，&"yes&；&who&but&princes&have&to&do&withancestral&temples&，
and&with&audiences&but&the&sovereign？&if&ch'ih&were&to&be&asmall&assistant
in&these&services&，&who&could&be&a&great&one&？
※&来源:?BBS&水木清华站&smth.org?[FROM:&211.156.235.215]