求Noise_-voice of customer_of_snow攻略 和全开存档

NOISE -tone of mind-专辑_NOISE -tone of mind-AYUTRICA_在线试听 - 虾米音乐
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NOISE -tone of mind-NOISE-voice of snow-OST
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AYUTRICA专辑介绍:PCゲーム「NOISE-voice of snow-」のBGM?主題歌?挿入歌が収録されたオリジナル?サウンドトラック。
挿入歌2曲を含むBGM21曲に加え、オープニング主題歌?エンディング主題歌?ボーナストラックを収録した豪華25曲!
AYUTRICAによるオープニング主題歌「SNOW NOTE」は、ゲーム中では聴くことの出来ないフルバージョンを、エンディング主題歌は、セラヴィス(CV.牧野秀紀)が歌う「lullaby」と小鳥遊まこが歌う「Gofer」両曲を収録。
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Operetta社金牌写手的作品,支线人物写的还很出彩。
不要被一周目各种CG的bug和清水日常无聊剧情给骗了!
直到你打到剧本真相,世界观被洗刷之后才会明白→原来我看这部游戏的姿势是错的!
再说就要剧透了,总之所有全通过了解了本作剧本背后设定的太太们懂!推线的打开方式很重要!
另外这部的OST是真心喜欢,尤其是那首配合结局伤得不行的「lullaby」
还有以OPTION背景为代表的部分BG也是心水?
真相是个大坑!
除了代永翼配的那个正太,其他线我都有种怪蜀黍和萝莉的感觉。嗯我是说主线不包括那个金发浅色瞳的小天使(*ˉ︶ˉ*)
槽虾米也会抽(⊙_⊙)
私心曲目推荐:voice of snow | Mana | snow of water tank | at the doubt | calm days | cheerful feelings | sorrow | under the sun | struggle | lullaby | nocturne
攻略中~殘念的是我對它R15河蟹部分的怨念啊【拖走斬..!
特别是金毛狮子那里(╰_╯)#cg都擦边成那样了竟然还不给福利(╰_╯)#
特别是金毛狮子那里(╰_╯)#cg都擦边成那样了竟然还不给福利(╰_╯)#
OST太棒!!
哈呀?居然有这张碟子...
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【NOISE voice of snow】玩过的请进来说说感想……
好吧,原谅我,格式不对,所以重发一次。感谢之前在这里留过言的孩子们……出自operetta的金牌画师 , 暗黑女王 越えざるは红い花 dairy这几款的画风都很喜欢。虽然很想攻,日语却只能听一半一半,实在下不了手……上网又找不到太多的感想,如果有玩过的的,有攻过的就说说你们的感想心得,米娜桑分享下吧!女主角是17岁少女マナ,从小在孤儿院长大,母亲是几近灭亡的歌使一族,继承了母亲黑发黑瞳的罕有特徵,能力尚未觉醒。歌使顾名思义能够用声音引发各种现象,被这个世界的圣教认定为神所嫌恶的一族。本作随玩家选择光之路线或者暗之路线,女主角连同发型在内的形象会整个改变。故事的舞台是ネフィル国,终年寒冷,一半被雪覆盖,又称为白之国。十年前王政被推翻,现在则是借机发展的两大黑暗组织「ディクス家」与「ダイォス家」的天下。ディクス家是百年前进入白之国的外来者,ダイォス家则传闻有著被推翻的王室的血统,因此互相看不顺眼,争斗不休。这个世界存在魔法,十年之前曾流行一种禁药,使得魔法的使用变得简单,但是却大范围引起了精神异常,而后代也多有各种遗传病症。所以,现在主要用魔铳作为媒介激发。除了魔铳,还有极为稀少的人能看到构成世界的部份本源,能直接使用魔法。最后,就是女主所在的,几近灭亡的歌使一族。官方公布的CG中有著女主身著黑衣,满手血腥的图片,不知是接受了黑暗组织的杀人任务,还是能力觉醒之后的黑化呢?operetta的第一作「Diary」中,男主的形象会随著选择而变化,本作中则是女主,两作都有著黑化的成份,看来这是operetta追求的风格。从官方网站的阴影来看,至少有五位攻略对象,另有访谈中透露的次要攻略人物三名。现在公布的只有ディクス家的首领ギルフォード,也是从自家黑市上买下女主的人。表面上冷酷无情,传闻中有著永不枯竭的魔力,是最强的魔铳使。
「逆天邪神 」游戏,同名小说改编的东方玄幻游戏.全新双号玩法:一个游戏两个号, 两个号同玩,一个号免单.
个人物简介主人公マナ ※名前変更年齢:17歳在孤孩子院成长的少女。逃离母亲现在濒临在[于] 消灭的“歌派去”折叠,正做着黑色发黑色眼睛的这种珍奇的姿容。歌派去的一族被歌装填魔力,能现象化那个了所谓的,汉字本人那个力的流露看不出。软弱地看得见乍看之下,但是以内部来说明亮的一心一意,隐藏不怎样的困难也失败的顽强的精神力。ギルフォード CV:箭内仁年齢:27歳daycs 人的首领。组织黑暗的首领好像,凉酒苛刻无情……在看得见,对于浑身感情在厚的所谓一面。用 daycs 房东催的黑市买汉字,但是都不[没] 动手,宁可不感兴趣。目的不被人发现,每次让々汉字困惑。「现在社会用最强的魔枪派去」「家伙的魔弹是没有底」被小声说话。「辣的时候尽情地感动涕泣。我全部阻止。」ロウ CV:代永翼年齢:18歳老板的 giru 在忠实,少年一边...一边... 负责任五干部当中的一回的青年。汉字的事是看一眼看了时候从喜欢,会用 daycs 人成为“老大哥部分”。性格明亮天真无邪然而,工作的时候呈现像别人那样凉的脸的时候也……。在战斗当时无法使用魔枪代替在,剑技能没有去到右边的东西程度的给本事看看。从纺双刀刃的那个姿态,人称为「daycs 的犬齿」。「不要紧、弟弟部分不吃嘛 ! ……多吧」セラヴィス CV:牧野秀纪年齢:28歳和副老板并列,老板其次带有决定权,第 2 号的男。基本上碰上劳苦的上司。主要是由于被委托 daycs 人的财政管理,所以出来战斗来 , 然而现在社会在珍奇的魔术使用。基本上没表情,笑是说挖苦的时候。汉字的事是完全的“行李”和只没认为。从劳苦被称为「阴险粪眼镜」。「我,无益的事情和东西是讨厌的ん喔 ! ……到底,也许是如何认为贵妇人,还想听吗?」ウィズレイ CV:新藤凉平年齢:31歳和セラヴィス 并列,以组织的第 2 号副老板。而且,前 giru 的老大哥部分,现在是好部下也是挚友。人数很少的 giru 福特的对代替,好好地也成为弟弟部分们的咨询顾问。本人也喜欢被依靠,看没办法的浑身 (组织的人)放,无法放置。对来 daycs 人慌张失措的汉字来说也,成为如哥哥那样的存在。「特别叫我的名字的话,随时飞来啊?」カミル CV:成泽卓年齢:25歳在街遇见,开朗花销售的青年。会温和地安慰掉进的汉字。满足某个条件一他就无论能成为亲密的交情然而……「那里很可爱的令媛、幸福的花如何呢?」レイム CV:雪代绫乃年齢:13歳名门领导人的嫡长子。聪明地正做着聪明、温和的性格 , 然而突然做的时候的表情是奇怪的影子……和汉字的相遇、 daycs 家属々和的通过互相接触,自己的发觉弄错,成长去。ヴィネ CV:樱井トオル年齢:31歳某时期汉字在街遇见,缠住危险的气氛的青年。“有妹妹”的这种事以外都不明,裹在[于] 谜。对可怕的人物看得见乍看之下,但是说看看一意外地就麻烦看 , 然而好又温和的一面也看见。ガレル CV:高中宏之年齢:40歳敌对组织.daios 人的老板。第一想组织的发展和维持,随着部下奔走做了。但是,内人那个正进行中死去,从儿子怨恨苛刻く。汉字的事是最初,孩子和只认为然而……
下面是图片
鄙人日文废……玩到一半就玩不下去了,可是CG真心美腻啊和表示就喜欢这种坏坏的调子。以上为本命和副本命
菊语无力者望天~~~是真心萌( ⊙ o ⊙ )啊!帮顶之。。。。
我日文不好呀……
这个我蛮喜欢的,好吧,我承认我是看上这画风了,可是看不懂剧情很无力···之前貌似是听说有神马组在做吧?恩,记不清啦反正~←_←
好我决定了!!!楼主楼主~~这个有没有语音的=口=
稀饭金发男~
求汉化啊泪。。。日语废滚过
楼楼 哪个汉化组在翻译呀?
最近也在玩这部,虽然日语不好挺吃力,但到底还是能懂。给我感触非常大的一部作品,让我这个连一集没翻译的动画都不没完整看的人下那么大的决心来玩,确实是很难得啊。。。我真的被这部游戏吸引了呢。。。玩的时候也挺惊喜的,自己居然都能懂,还以为我肯定因为什么都看不懂而抓狂呢,笑。目前还没有全部攻下,决定慢慢来玩,认认真真的去走完每个人的线。因为,这部游戏,我很喜欢。。。。很喜欢。。。。
其实这部最大的亮点是女主可以走圣母线和黑化线…
木玩过的也进来凑凑热闹!~
画风...比例啥的...
。。。的么 不知模拟器能玩否。 虽然看不懂日文。其还是会加油的
这个和是一个制作组的吗?(在写贴,顺带科普一下画师和制作组,话说画风变得好大,主要是上色变了,女主比起丽丝提和克里斯蒂娜偏萝莉啊)
这个游戏的剧本很好,自觉开头钢琴曲是最美的乙女游戏。但是两年前日语不咋滴,虽然个人路线是明白了,但最后的true end各种不明白,而且不满女主变老大。
各种老牛吃嫩草……
我的感想,被我爸扑灭了,我玩这个,我爸刚好在,就说:成绩不弄好,就玩这些乱起八糟的游戏,果断给我删除了TAT
(。’▽’。)?请问翻译版的出了吗?QWQ要素没有我想到橙光去汉化一个……(?°????????ω°????????`)如果有汉化版的请通知我 我就不弄了
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【资源】NOISE_voice_of_snow
恩,今天,不应该说……昨天,花了一整天的时间,终于将资源给传上里了这个资源是别人发给我的,不是我自己原本的,可我自己试验过了,下载安装都没问题,可以正常运行,所以,亲们可以放心玩哦!(唯一的遗憾是,没有汉化,没有汉化……)至于内容介绍、CG,我之前发过帖子,在下面我会一一贴出的
「逆天邪神 」游戏,同名小说改编的东方玄幻游戏.全新双号玩法:一个游戏两个号, 两个号同玩,一个号免单.
需要的孩子,请移步以下哟!内容介绍: http://tieba.baidu.com/p/?see_lz=1全CG下载: http://tieba.baidu.com/p/?pn=1
以下是本体地址,请注意!本体: 链接:http://pan.baidu.com/share/link?shareid=&uk=
提取密码:gq5f
以上,祝各位亲们玩的愉快哟!================================END====================================
一直在等汉化〒_〒
PC还是PSP~
我下载了,安装什么的都很顺利,但是,但是!一打开我就傻眼了啊!全是日文!啥都看不懂啊!
❤~~谢LZ!!!!一直在找这个资源呢啊~~~~OPERETTA的都很给力呢~~~~
人物的头都好大。。。
不过要是汉化就好了!!我都想自学日语了!
。◕‿◕。明天再下 谢谢楼主分享资源
MARK。有空来下谢谢亲
 给妹纸来一炮好吗~
啃不动啊!!
有汉化可以艾特一下吗?
感谢分享,支持
有木有攻略= 3 =我是日语废的啦
好棒!不过日文略抓急_(:з」∠)_坐等汉化的时候再玩一遍!
楼主 我每次下都是下了一大半了就下载失败了。。暂停再重新开始也没用。。网没问题 但是就一直是OKB/S了。。T_T
谢谢分享,感觉那个红发小哥好有爱的样子
汉化已经出了翼梦里有
为什么是生肉!!好像玩!!!
==这是怎么回事?
收藏先~貌似女猪脚是个可以战斗型的妹子~稀饭
下了五次一个都没成功
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实用翻译技巧
课程简介 课程类别:必修课 授课对象:本科,商务英语专业 学时与学分:72 学时/学期,4 学分 使用教材:申雨平、戴宁编著, 《实用英汉翻译教程》 ,外语 教学与研究出版社,2005 年 参考教材:方梦之、毛忠明, 《英汉-汉英应用翻译教程》 , 上海外语教育出版社,2005 年 张光明, 《英语专业八级英汉汉英互译》 ,2004 年教学目的与教学要求: 《翻译理论与实践》是英语专业的技能必修课,是一门实践 性很强的课程。本课程介绍各类文体语言的特点、汉英两种 语言的异同以及各种不同文体的翻译方法和翻译技巧,使学 生掌握英汉双语翻译的基本理论,掌握英汉词语、长句及各 种文体的翻译技巧和英汉互译的能力。 教学目的: 《翻译理论与实践》课程是英语专业三年级本科生开设的一 门必修课。英语专业的学生经过两年的基础英语学习,具备 了较强的英语基础和基础双语转换能力。在此基础上进修这 门课程,使学生能够系统地学习和掌握各种翻译理论和翻译 技巧和方法,使学生具备一定的翻译能力,为毕业后的工作 需要打下一定基础。 教学要求: 本课程理论与实践相结合,分为基本理论、基本技巧、不同 文体分析和翻译、语篇翻译实践四大部分。针对本校外语系 专业为商务英语的特点,较多篇幅将侧重于经贸商务类翻译。 通过学习,要求学生能运用翻译理论和技巧,将常见文体及 商务类文体文章翻译为汉语,速度为每小时 250-300 单词。 而且要求译文忠实原意,语言流畅。第 1-2 次课 4 学时 本次课教学重点: 掌握翻译的定义、标准、原则与方法 本次课教学难点: 翻译定义(翻译过程理解) 、翻译三原则;理解翻译中的几 对关系(直译与意译,归化与异化处理,音译与意译) ;最 新翻译方法介绍(编译、改译等) 本次课教学内容: 翻译课程简介及入门 第一节:翻译的定义、类型、标准、原则与方法 第二节:中国翻译历史;译员应具备的素质 第三节:本课程的目标、学生课前准备、教师授课程序 详细内容见附一 教学组织: 1.多媒体课件 2.课堂讲解的同时进行即时翻译训练 作业布置: 无 本次课推荐和参考文献 方梦之、毛忠明, 《英汉-汉英应用翻译教程》 ,上海外语教 育出版社,2005 年 张光明, 《英语专业八级英汉汉英互译》 ,2004 年 本次课实践教学设计: 课后自我总结分析:附一、教学内容The BabelTower Story Why we need translation? Function of translation: translation is a bridge tocommunication. Languages in the world: 6900 languages Story of Babel Tower(巴别塔): from Genesis, the BibleBackground information on the Bible: Bible: The Old Testament &The New Testament Noah: the descendant of Adam and Eva (they had three children, Gain, Aba and Cette, Noah was the descendant of Cette, also the family of human being) Noah’s Ark: the ship in which Noah, his family and animals were saved from the Flood.An Introduction to Translation 1). Definition 2). Types 3). Criteria 4). Principle & Approaches 5). Translation history of China 6). Requirements for translator1). Defintion Communication process: a. Intra-lingual communication: within the same language (语 内交流) b. Inter-lingual communication: within different languages (语 际交流)Definition 1: A written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first languageDefinition 2: Translation is an activity comprising the interpretation of the meaning of a text in one language―the source text―and the production of a new, equivalent text in another language―the target text, also called the translation.2). Translation Types Translation: transferring ideas expressed in writing from one language to another.Interpretation: transferring ideas expressed orally or by gesture from one language to another. It includes Consecutive Interpretation (交替传译) and Simultaneous Interpretation. (同声传译)Consecutive Interpretation: the audience can see the interpreters sitting on the rostrum/platform, when the speaker finishes a certain paragraph or paragraphs, the interpreters will start to interpret.Simultaneous Interpretation: the audience can ’ t see the interpreters, they sit in a room backstage. When the speaker begins to speak, almost the same time, usually with a 5second pause, the interpreters must interpret. 3). Translation Criteria Yan Fu: 信、达、雅 (faithfulness, intelligibility, elegance) 信:忠实原文 达:不拘泥于原文形式,以求原意明显 雅:不可取,是指脱离原文而片面追求译文本身的古雅Basic standards: 忠实、通顺(faithfulness and coherence) accurate comprehension and adequate representation (再现) Tytler:British translator (泰特勒) Essay on the Principles of Translation: I. That the translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. () II. That the style and manner of writing should be the same character with that of the original. () III. That the translation should have the ease of original composition. ()4) Translation Principles & Approaches 直译与意译(语言层面的比较) 归化与异化(语言和文化两个层面的比较) 归化:归化则是指语言形式上或者语言形式所负载的文化内 涵倾向于目的语的翻译策略 Eg:阿弥陀佛――God bless you. 异化:指在语言形式上或者语言形式所负载的文化内涵上倾 向于源语的翻译策略 Eg:赛因斯――科学(science)、葛郎玛――语法(grammar)、 德谟克拉西――民主(democracy) 九牛二虎之力――the strength of nine bulls and two tigers 音译、音译兼义译 变译(全译、选译、译要、改译、编译) 全译:逐句逐段将全文译完,不得故意遗漏。 选译:有选择地翻译全文的一部分或大部分。 译要:以翻译为手段对原文作摘要,即从原文中抽出主题内 容,以简练的译入语写成摘要,而不是就已有的摘要译出摘 要。 改译:为达到预期目的在翻译时对原文内容作一定程度的改 变或在形式上作重大调整。 编译:保留原文的实质内容,写法上可作或多或少的调整。5) Translation history of ChinaPhs. PeriodContentsReps. 玄奘Works ?? S ??? 琰??üIEast.Han Dy-Tang/Song DyBuddhist scriptureIIMing & Qing Dy Technology books徐光启、《 天 演 严复 论》IIIOpium War-MayWestern cultures鲁迅、张谷若、梁 Fourth Movm. and democracy实秋、朱生毫 concepts, literature 方平、余光中、钱 钟书IVModern timesAll aspects《天演论》 :Evolution and Ethics 鲁迅:通晓德、日、英、俄四种外语,一生翻译 14 个国家 100 多位作家 200 多种作品,俄国和苏联作品占一半以上。 《毁灭》 、 《死魂灵》等 张谷若: 《德伯家的苔丝》 (Tess of the D’Urbervilles) 、 《无 名的裘德》 (Jude the Obscure)Thomas Hardy 方平:文学翻译家,译著: 《莎士比亚全集》 、 《呼啸山庄》 等 余光中:台湾作家、文学翻译家。译著: 《老人与海》 、 《梵 高传》 、 《美国诗选》6). Requirements for translators good command of Chinese good command of English broad range of knowledge your own major & specialityWhat’s the purpose of our course? Learn some basic skills and theories concerning translation Familiarize with certain practical styles of translation Help build a foundation to your future job application What preparation should the students make in this course? 1) Preview lessons / bring your dictionaries 2) Group work & presentation 3) Take an active role in classes 4) Finish your personal or group assignmentsHow the teacher handles each class? 1) What are we going to learn? Translation skills (addition, omission, conversion, etc.) Different topics translation (ads, governmental documents, commerce, speeches, etc.) Translation materials: sentences, paragraphs and short articles 2) Tasks-based approach (group work & presentation, personal presentation, etc.)第 3-4 次课 4 学时 教学重点: 对比与分析英汉两种语言的差异与相同之处。 教学难点: 英汉差异:一词多义、句型、十大结构性差异。 教学内容: 英语与汉语两种语言对比: 词汇差异;句式差异;句子重点差异;十大结构性差异。 详细内容见附一 教学组织 1.多媒体课件 2.课堂讲解的同时进行即时翻译训练 作业布置: 无 本次课推荐和参考文献 方梦之、毛忠明, 《英汉-汉英应用翻译教程》 ,上海外语教 育出版社,2005 年 张光明, 《英语专业八级英汉汉英互译》 ,2004 年 本次课实践教学设计: 课后自我总结分析:附一、教学内容 英汉十大语言结构差异 synthetic vs analytic 综合性与分析性 英语属综合语,其标志为此的曲折变化形式;汉语为分析性 语言,靠助词(如“着” 、 “了” 、 “过”等)及副词来体现时 态、时体等句法关系。 e.g. He had to quit the position and went into exile, having been deprived of his power. 他被剥夺了权利之后,只好离职,去异国流亡。compact vs. diffusive 聚集与流散 英语句式紧密,有大量的连词、介词在句与句之间衔接;汉语 句式松散,句与句之间常没有连接成分。e.g. Mary’s kindly and gentle nature could not but revolt at her friend’s callous behavior. 玛丽心地善良,性情温和,对她朋友这种没有心肝的行为, 实在看不顺眼。 hypotactic vs. paratactic 形合与意合 英语的各类语句的关系靠严密的句法来衔接,井然有序;汉 语的句式不靠句法上的衔接,讲究“不言而喻” 。e.g. Let everybody share the food if there is any. 有饭大家吃。complex vs. simplex 繁复与简明 英语句子讲究长而复杂;汉语句子讲究短而简练。 e.g. A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of Beat Generation, a real phenomenon in the late fifties. 50 年代后期的美国出现了一个真正的奇观:穷知识分子以 “垮掉的一代”这种颇为浪漫的姿态出现而成为美国的典型 的穷人。当时大批大学毕业生被赶进了知识分子平民窟。impersonal vs. personal 物称与人称 英语多用非人称词类作主语;汉语多用人称代词作主语。e.g. Excitement deprived me of all power of utterance. 我兴奋得说不出话来。passive vs. active 被动与主动 英语好用被动语态;汉语多用主动结构(包括主动句和自动 句) 。e.g. Diplomatic relations have been established between China and the United States of America. 中美已经建立了外交关系。static vs. dynamic 静态与动态 英语多用静态表达;汉语多用动态表达。e.g. My little brother is a better teacher than I. 我的小弟弟比我教得好。abstract vs. concrete 抽象与具体 英语多用抽象概念;汉语多用具体措辞。 e.g. The sight of the big tree always reminds me of my childhood. 一看到那棵大树,我就会想到童年的情景。 indirect vs. direct 间接与直接 英语多用间接肯定、否定;汉语多用直接肯定、否定。e.g. He can’t see you quick enough. 他很想尽快和你见面。substitutive vs. repetitive 替换与重复 英语多用替换词语,汉语多用重复形式。 e.g. 人与人之间、国与国之间离心离德,便产生这样的问题,人 与人之间、国与国之间齐心协力,定能解决这些问题。 Men and nations working apart cr men and nations working together must solve them. Exercises 1 My conscience told me that I deserved no extraordinary politeness. 口试时,问了十个问题,她全都答对了。 The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps. Very soon he was surrounded by a crowd and was snowed under with questions. Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration. My conscience told me that I deserved no extraordinary politeness. 凭良心讲,如此礼貌有加,我真受之有愧。 口试时,问了十个问题,她全都答对了。 She was asked ten questions in the oral examination and answered every one of them correctly.The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps. 我走在厚厚的地毯上,一点脚步声也没有。 Very soon he was surrounded by a crowd and was snowed under with questions. 一群人立刻把他围住了,向他提出一个又一个问题。 Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration. 无知是恐惧的根源,也是倾慕的根源。Exercise 2 I had experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble. 我曾经遇到的情况, 不是氧气设备出故障, 就是引擎出故障, 或两者都出故障。 They dare say no to the superpower. 他们敢于反对那个超级大国。 他们敢于对那个超级大国说不。 They said a sharp no to our proposals. 他们断然拒绝我们的建议。 Background Info Beat Generation &Beat Generation& is a term referring to a mix of young people, artists and intellectuals of the 1950s (and later) whose unconventional work and lifestyle reflected profounddisaffection with contemporary society. They expressed objection and criticism against American materialism in a bitter, harsh and often abusive language.第 5-6 次课 4 学时 教学重点: 词类转译;句子成分转译。 教学难点: 句子成分转换 本次课教学内容: 转译法 第一节:词类转译转换成名词、动词、形容词或副词 第二节:词类转译实践 第三节:句子成分转换包括主语与宾语之间的转换,主语转 换成谓语、状语等 第四节:句子成分转译实践 详细内容见附一 教学组织: 1. 多媒体课件 2.课堂讲解的同时进行即时翻译训练 作业布置: 翻译:I have a dream 详细内容见附二 本次课推荐和参考文献 方梦之、毛忠明, 《英汉-汉英应用翻译教程》 ,上海外语教 育出版社,2005 年 张光明, 《英语专业八级英汉汉英互译》 ,2004 年 本次课实践教学设计: 课后自我总结分析:附一、教学内容 转译法在翻译过程中,由于英语和汉语在语法和表达习惯上的差异, 有时候需要转换某些词语的词类或句子成分才能更有效地 传达原文意思。该翻译方法称为转译法,词类转译包括转换 成名词、动词、形容词或副词;句子成分转换包括主语与宾 语之间的转换,主语转换成谓语、状语等。词类转译 英语名词转译 名词转译动词 转译为动词的名词主要有以下四类:动词派生的名词、具有 动作意义的名词、表示身份或职业的名词;作习语主体的名 词。 Eg: Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. 火箭已经用来探索宇宙。 An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs. 读一点世界史,对学习时事是有帮助的。 His drawings of angels are exceptionally beautiful. 他画天使画得尤其好。 As the week drew to a close, the enemy rout was complete. 一周快结束时,敌人彻底溃退了。 The boy was said to be a good writer. He has a gift for writing. 据说这个男孩写作很好,他在这方面有天赋。 He was a regular visitor at the White House. 他经常来白宫。 The news tonight made no mention of the serious robbery. 今晚的新闻报道没提到这桩严重的抢劫案。 The experts had high praise for the WhiteSwanLake dance by Guangzhou Ballet. 专家们高度评价了广州芭蕾舞团的天鹅湖演出。名词转译形容词 Eg: A man of integrity is usually honest and modest. 正直的人通常是诚实而谦逊的。 We are deeply convinced of the correctness of this policy and firmly determined to pursue it. 我们深信这一政策是正确的,并有坚定的决心继续奉行这一 政策。 名词转译副词 Eg: We found difficulty in solving the housing problems. 我们难以解决住房问题。 It is out of the bounds of possibility that he will succeed. 他决不会成功。 He speaks with a trace of American accent. 他说话略带美国口音。动词转译 动词转译名词 适 用 于 : 名 词 派 生 的 动 词 ( 如 symbol-symbolize, character-characterize 等) 名词转用的动词(如 designn. & v.) Eg: To them, he personified the absolute power. 在他们看来,他就是绝对权威的化身。 Simplicity and beauty mainly characterized his design of furniture. 他设计的家具的主要特点是简美。被动句中的动词可译为“受(遭)到 + 名词”或“予(加) 以 + 名词” 。 Eg: Snow was treated very shabbily by the U.S. press and officialdom during this period, victimized for his views. 在此期间,斯诺受到了美国新闻界和政界极不公平的对待, 由于他的观点,他受到了迫害。动词转译副词 Eg: In hi six consecutive speeches, Nasser indulged in violent attacks on the Baghdad government. 在接连六次的演说中,纳塞尔一味地对巴格达政府进行了猛 烈的攻击。 (三) 形容词转译 形容词转译动词 英语句子中表示知觉、情欲、欲望等心理状态的形容词,在 连系动词后作表语时, 往往转译为动词。 常见形容词有: able, afraid, angry, sure, grateful, confident 等等。 Eg: They were not content with their present achievements. 他们不满足于现有的成就。 They were suspicious and resentful of him. 他们不信任他,讨厌他。 If we were ignorant of the structure of the atom, it would be impossible for us to study nuclear physics. 如果我们不知道原子的结构,我们就不能研究核子物理学。形容词转译名词 英语句子中,某些形容词加上定冠词表示某一类人,翻译时 可变成名词;另可视具体情况将形容词转译名词。 Eg: She had deep sympathy for the insulted and the injured. 她对于受侮辱和受损害的人有深厚的同情心。 They expect us in the EU to work out policies of aid and trade which will show a sympathetic understanding of their own problems. 他们期待我们欧共体制订出对他们的问题表示同情和理解 的援助政策与贸易政策。 Television is different from radio in that it sends and receives a picture. 电视与无线电的区别在于电视发送和接收的是图像。 形容词转译副词 英语名词转译动词时,修饰该名词的形容词往往转译为相应 的副词。 Eg: Little by little we sailed along the coast of the Pacific Ocean, making careful observation on the way. 慢慢地,我们沿着太平洋海岸航行,一路仔细观察。 “Yes,” he said with a slow nod or two. “是的, ”他慢条斯理地点了点头。 It was a clear and unemotional exposition of the President’s reasons for willing to begin a Chinese-American dialogue. 这篇发言清楚明白、心平气和地说明了总统希望开始中美对 话的原因。(四) 副词转译 副词转译形容词。动词转译为名词时,修饰该动词的副词往 往转译为形容词。 Eg: The electronic computer is chiefly characterized by its accurate and quick computations. 电子计算机的主要特点是计算准确而迅速。 He was deeply impressed by what they did in the critical moment. 他们在关键时刻的行为给他留下了深刻的印象。 The sun rose thinly from the sea. 淡淡的太阳从海上升起。副词转译名词 Eg: He is physically weak but mentally sound. 他身体虽弱,但思想健康。 Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievements you have made in this direction. 独立观察家们对你们在这方面取得的成就给予了很高的评 价。副词转译动词。做表语或宾语补足语的副词有时可转译为动 词,常见这类副词有 in, over, out, through 等。 Eg: The workers are out on the streets. 工人们在街上罢工。 She’d be down in a little while. 她一会就下楼。(五) 代词和介词转译 代词转译。为了使译文意义明确,有时须将代词译成它所指 代的名词。 Eg: The temperature of the hot body falls while that of the cold body rises. 热物体的温度下降而冷物体的温度上升。介词转译。英语中的介词或介词短语有时可译为动词。 Eg: Are you for or against the proposal?你赞成还是反对这一提 议? I found him at a book.我看到他在看书。 3 into 9 is 3. 5 into 9 won’t go.以 3 除 9 等于 3。以 5 除 9 除 不尽。附二、作业 英译中:I Have a Dream(Part II) Martin Luther King I say to you today, my friends, that in spite of the difficulties and frustrations of the moment I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: “we hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal.”I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, sons of former slaves and sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day, even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heart of injustice and oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.I have a dream my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by content of their character. I have a dream today!I have a dream that one day down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall made low, and rough places will be made plane and crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together.This is our hope. This is the faith that I go back to the South with. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. This will be the day?This will be the day when all of God’s children will be able to sing with new meaning. “My coutnry’ tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. Land where my fathers died, land of the pilgrim ’ s pride, from every mountainside, let freedom ring,” and if America is to be a great nation --- this must become true. 参考译文: 朋友们,今天我对你们说,在此时此刻,我们虽然遭受种种 困难和挫折,我仍然有一个梦想。这个梦想是深深扎根于美 国的梦想中的。 我梦想有一天,这个国家会站立起来,真正实现其信条的真 谛: “我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的:人人生而平等。 ” 我梦想有一天,在佐治亚的红山上,昔日奴隶的儿子能够和 昔日奴隶主的儿子坐在一起,共叙兄弟情谊。 我梦想有一天, 甚至连密西西比州这个正义匿迹, 压迫成风, 如同沙漠般的地方,也将变成自由和正义的绿洲。 我梦想有一天,我的四个孩子将在一个不是以他们的肤色, 而是以他们的品格优劣来评价他们的国度里生活。今天,我 有一个梦想。 我梦想有一天, 就在阿拉巴马州, 这个充满恶毒的种族主义, 而州长则口口声声要介入和取消法令的地方,有朝一日,黑 人孩子和白人孩子能情同手足,携手并进。今天,我有一个 梦想。 我梦想有一天, 幽谷上升, 高山下降, 坎坷曲折之路成坦途, 圣光披露,满照人间。 这就是我们的希望。我怀着这种信念回到南方。有了这个信 念, 我们将能从绝望之岭劈出一块希望之石。 有了这个信念, 我们将能一起工作,一起祈祷,一起斗争,一起坐牢,一起 为自由抗争;因为我们知道,终有一天,我们会获得自由。 这一天必将来临,上帝的所有儿女们将以新的含义高唱这支 歌: “我的祖国,美丽的自由之乡,我为您歌唱。您是父辈 逝去的地方,您是最初移民的骄傲,让自由之声响彻每个山 岗。 ” 如果美国要成为一个伟大的国家, 这个梦想必须实现。第 7-8 次课 4 学时 教学重点: 单词分译;句子分译 教学难点: 句子分译中并列复合句的分译实践。 教学内容: 单词分译和句子分译的一般规律及训练。 第一节:单词分译 第二节:单词分译训练 第三节:句子分译:简单句的分译、并列复合句的分译、主 从复合句的分译以及其他情况的分译 第四节:句子分译训练 详细内容见附一 教学组织 1.多媒体课件 2.课堂讲解的同时进行即时翻译训练 作业布置: 英译中:The Gettysburg Address 详细内容见附二 本次课推荐和参考文献 方梦之、毛忠明, 《英汉-汉英应用翻译教程》 ,上海外语教 育出版社,2005 年 张光明, 《英语专业八级英汉汉英互译》 ,2004 年 本次课实践教学设计: 课后自我总结分析: 附一、教学内容分译法英语中长句较多, 句中修饰语多且长,使句子结构复杂,所 以英译汉时,不能照样克隆复制,而是得根据汉语语法的特 点,灵活处理。切分就是一种常用的方法,是指把英语中的 长句分解成两个或两个以上的句子。它常包括单词分译、短 语分译和句子分译等三种情况。单词分译 单词分译是指把原文中的一个单词拆译成一个小句或者句 子。 采用单词分译主要有两个目的: 一是为了句法上的需要。 由于一些单词在搭配、词义等方面的特点,直译会使句子生 硬晦涩,翻译腔十足,而把某个单词分译却能使句子通顺, 且不损伤原意。二是为了修饰上的需要,如加强语气,突出 重点等。英语中的名词、动词、形容词和副词等都可分译。 例如: We recognize that China's long-term modernization program understandably and necessarily emphasizes economic growth. 我们认识到,中国的长期现代化计划以发展经济为重点,这 是可以理解的,也是必要的。 Then and there he named the startled General lying wounded on his cot the new Commander in Chief of the Airforce? 他就在当时当地任命这位躺在榻上治伤的将军为空军总司 令,使这位将军吃了一惊。 A movie of me leaving that foxhole would look like a shell leaving a rifle. 我离开那个猫儿洞的速度之快,要是拍成电影的话,会象出 膛的子弹一样。 Yet it is painfully apparent that millions of Americans who would never think of themselves as law-breakers, let alone criminals, are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes that are designed to protect and nourish their society. 显然,数百万美国人从来没有想过自己会违法,更不用说犯 罪了,而就是他们正在越来越肆意歪曲旨在保护和培育这个 社会的法律条文,这真令人痛心。 (原文中 painfully apparent 如照字面译成&痛心地明显的&, 不合汉语表达习惯,将 painfully 单译成句,既突出了重点, 表明作者对这一现象感到痛心的心情,又使语言自然流畅。 ) At present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply. 现在,人们都倾向于采取不偏不倚的态度来回答问题,因为 它安全,不招风险。 (choose the safety of the middle-ground reply 如机械直译成 &选择不偏不倚回答问题的安全&,语言晦涩难懂。将 safety 分译出来则较好地解决了这一问题。 ) Auntie Julia vainly asked each of her neighbours in turn to tell her what Gabriel had said. 朱利亚姨妈接连向坐在旁边的人打听加布里埃尔刚才说了 些什么,却没有问出个所以然来。 There was in the old library a considerable provision of works of light literature of the last century, both in the French and English languages. 在老图书馆里,有不少上个世纪的文学作品,有英文的,也 有法文的,都是些轻松的读物。 And in their further disputes she always returned to this point, “we hate each other, and I am ready to go.” 从此以后,他们每拌一次嘴,她就回到老话题: “反正咱们 俩你恨我我嫌你,我愿意走。 ”句子分译 句子分译可以分为简单句的分译、并列复合句的分译、主从 复合句的分译以及其他情况的分译。简单句的分译 Daybreak comes with thick mist and drizzle. 黎明时分,大雾弥漫,细雨蒙蒙。 But another round of war in the region clearly would put strains on international relations. 但是,如果该地区再次发生战争,显然会使国际关系处于紧 张状态。并列复合句的分译 并列英语复合句常常在分句连接处加以切分,译成两个或两 个以上的句子。例如: I sat with his wife in their living room, looking out the glass doors to the backyards, and there was a pool, still covered with black plastic that had been stretched across it for winter. 我跟他妻子一起坐在他们家的起居室里,望着玻璃门外的后 院。后院里有游泳池,上面还盖着过冬时铺上去的黑色塑料 蓬。 (在连词 and 处切分) On her once familiar street, as in any unused channel, an unfamiliar que a cat wove itself in and out of railings, but no human eye watched Mrs Drover's return. 走在一度熟悉的大街上,就像在一条没有人走过的道路上一 样,她心里充满了从未有过的新奇。一只猫在栏杆那儿绕来 绕去,但是没有人留意特罗弗太太回来。 (在;处切分) The entire cable-car system recently got an overhaul after more than a century of operations, so you are on firm ground even if the streets seem to be tilting beneath you. 在运行了一个世纪之后,最近对整个缆车系统进行了彻底检 修。所以即使你觉得街道似乎在下面倾斜,你在缆车上仍很 安全。 (在连词 so 处切分) The recruitment of Chinese labor was not universally accepted in racially conscious 19th century America and some white workers were unsettled by their appearance in large numbers. 在种族意识十分强的 19 世纪的美国,招募中国劳工的做法 并非普遍为人接受。由于工地上大批出现中国劳工,某些白 人工人感到心绪不宁。 (在连词 and 处切分)定语从句的分译 定语从句汉译时常在分句连接处加以切分,分译成两个或两 个以上的句子。例如: One day, while out on the bleak moors, Pip is startled by a hulking, menacing man who threatens him if he does not bring him some food immediately. 匹普外出在阴冷的荒原上游荡时,一个魁梧、凶狠的男子把 他吓了一跳。这个男子威胁他,让他立即为他送些食物来。 All this had come to an end in 1905 when the medical mission was dissolved and several of his colleagues were killed in the uprising. 1905 年,这一切都宣布结束了。在一次暴动中,他的几个同 事牺牲了,医疗队也解散了。 The cook turned pale, and asked the housemaid to shut the door, who asked Brittle, who asked the tinker, who pretended not to hear. 厨子脸色发白,要使唤丫头把门关上,丫头叫布立特尔去, 布立特尔叫补锅匠去,补锅匠却装着没听见。 He dropped the mattress against the rough wooden fence which had replaced the iron bars taken up for war efforts, and wiped his brow. 他把褥垫扔下,靠着木栅栏(原来是铁栏杆,为了支援战争 而换成木头的了) ,擦了擦额头。Practice Thus it happened that when the new factories that were springing up required labour, tens of thousands of homeless and hungry agricultural workers, with their wives and children, were forced into the cities in search of work, any work, under any condition, that would keep them alive. 于是,就出现了这样的情况,正当新办的工厂纷纷成立、需 要劳动力的时候,成千上万无家可归、饥肠辘辘的从事农业 的劳动者,携妻带儿,被迫流入城市;他们要找活干,不管 什么活儿,不讲什么条件,只要不让他们饿死就行。The Civil War, lasting four years and costing at least a million lives, civilian and military, was the most extensive war ever fought on the soil of the New World, a war that proved to planters in a revolutionary way that human beings in America could no longer be bought or sold, worked and killed at will to serve the profit of parasitic landowners. 美国的南北战争历时四年之久,夺去了至少一百万军民的生 命,是在新大陆进行过的规模最大的一次战争,这次战争以 革命的方式使种植园主认识到:在美国,再也不能为了寄生 虫似的地主们的利益而把人任意买卖、任意驱使、任意杀害 了。Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of organic nature, so Marx discovered the law of development of human history: the simple fact, hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of ideology, that mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing, before it can pursue politics, science, artm religion, etc.; that therefore the production of the immediate material means of subsistence and consequently the degree of economic development attained by a given people or during a given epoch from the foundation upon which the state institutions, the legal conceptions, art, and even the ideas on religion, of the people concerned have been evovled, and in the light of which they must, therefore, be explained, instead of vice versa, as had hitherto been the case. 正像达尔文发现有机界的发展规律一样,马克思发现了人类 历史的发展规律,即历来为繁茂芜杂的意识形态所掩盖着的 一个简单事实:人们首先必须吃、喝、住、穿、然后才能从 事政治、科学、艺术、宗教等等;所以,直接的物质的生活 资料的生产,因而一个民族或一个时代的一定的经济发展阶 段,便构成为基础,人们的国家制度、法的观点艺术以及宗 教观念,就是从这个基础上发展起来的,因而,也必须由这 个基础来解释,而不是像过去那样做得相反。附二、作业英译中:The Gettysburg AddressFour score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.译文一 八十七年前,我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家, 它孕育于自由之中,奉行一切人生来平等的原则。 现在我们正从事一场伟大的内战,以考验这个国家,或者说 以考验任何一个孕育于自由而奉行上述原则的国家是否能 够长久存在下去。我们在这场战争中的一个伟大战场上集会。 烈士们为使这个国家能够生存下去而献出了自己的生命,我 们在此集会是为了把这个战场的一部分奉献给他们作为最 后安息之所。我们这样做是完全应该而且非常恰当的 但是,从更广泛的意义上来说,这块土地我们不能够奉献, 我们不能够圣化,我们不能够神化。曾经在这里战斗过的勇 士们,活着的和去世的,已经把这块土地神圣化了,这远不 是我们微薄的力量所能增减的。全世界将很少注意到,也不 会长期地记起我们今天在这里所说的话,但全世界永远不会 忘记勇士们在这里做过的事。勿宁说,倒是我们这些还活着 的人,应该在这里把自己奉献于勇士们已经如此崇高地向前 推进但尚未完成的事业。倒是我们应该在这里把自己奉献于 仍然留在我们面前的伟大任务,以便使我们从这些光荣的死 者身上汲取更多的奉献精神,来完成他们已经完全彻底为之 献身的事业;以便使我们在这里下定最大的决心,不让这些 死者们白白牺牲;以便使国家在上帝幅佑下得到自由的新生, 并且使这个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存。译文二 八十七年前,我们的先辈们在这个大陆上建立了一个以自由 为理想、以人人平等为宗旨的新国家。 现在我们正进行一场大内战,考验这个国家或任何一个主张 自由平等的国家`, 能否长久存在。 我们在这场战争中的一个 大战场上集会,来把战场的一角献给为国家生存而牺牲的烈 士,作为他们永久安息之地,这是我们义不容辞、理所当然 该做的事。 但是,从更深刻的意义来说,我们不能使这一角战场成为圣 地,我们不能使它流芳百世,我们不能使它永垂青史。因为 在这里战斗过的勇士们,活着的和死去的,已经使这一角战 场神圣化了,我们微薄的力量远远不能使它增光,或者使之 减色。 世人不太会注意、 也不会长久记住我们在这里说的话, 但是永远不会忘记他们在这里做的事。因此,我们活着的人 更应该献身于他们为之战斗并且使之前进的未竟事业。我们 更应该献身于是我们面前的伟大任务,更应该不断向这些光 荣牺牲的烈士学习,学习他们为事业鞠躬尽瘁、死而后已的 献身精神,更应该在这里下定决心,一定不让这些烈士的鲜 血白流; 这个国家在上帝的保佑下, 一定要得到自由和新生, 这个民有、民治、民享的政府一定不能从地球上消失。 译文三 八十七年前,我们的先辈在这个大陆上建立起了一个崭新的 国家。这个国家以自由为理想,以致力于实现人人享有天赋 的平等权利为目标。 目前我们正在进行一场伟大国内战争。我们的国家或任何一 个有着同样理想与目标的国家能否长久存在,这次战争就是 一场考验。现在我们在这场战争的一个伟大战场上聚会在一 起。我们来到这里,将这战场上的一小块土地奉献给那些为 国家生存而英勇捐躯的人们,作为他们最后安息之地。我们 这样做是完全适当的,应该的。 然而, 在深一层的意义上说来, 我们没有能力奉献这块土地, 没有能力使这块土地变得更为神圣。因为在这里进行过斗争 的,活着的和已经死去的勇士们,已经使这块土地变得这样 圣洁,我们的微力已不足以对它有所抑扬了。我们今天在这 里说的话,世人不会注意,也不会记住,但是这些英雄们的 业绩,人们将永远不忘。我们后来者应该做的是献身于英雄 们曾在这里为之奋斗、努力推进、但尚未竟的工作。我们应 该做的是献身于他们遗留给我们的伟大任务。我们的先烈已 将自己的全部精诚付与我们的事业,我们应从他们的榜样中 汲取更多的精神力量,努力使他们的鲜血不致白流。在上帝 的护佑下,自由将在我国得到新生。我们这个民有、民治、 民享的政府将永存世上。第 9-10 次课 4 学时 教学重点: 掌握增词法的原理与方法, 增词法训练 教学难点: 增词法的一般规律 教学内容: 第一节:增词法的原理与方法的讲解 第二节:句子翻译训练 第三节:篇章翻译训练 详细内容见附一 教学组织 1.多媒体课件 2.课堂讲解的同时进行即时翻译训练 作业布置: 翻译: 1. 林语堂的 Moment in Peking 当中描写慈禧太后的句 子: 2. of Study 详细内容见附二 本次课推荐和参考文献 方梦之、毛忠明, 《英汉-汉英应用翻译教程》 ,上海外语教 育出版社,2005 年 本次课实践教学设计: 课后自我总结分析:附一、教学内容 英汉翻译常用技巧----增词法增词法是指在原文的基础上添加必要的单词,词组,分句或 完整句,从而使译文在语法,形式上都符合汉语的习惯并使 译文在文化背景,词语联想方面与原文保持一致,以达到疑 问与原文在内容,形式和精神方面对等起来的目的。Practices first: In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the daily summary over some coffee. 晚上在参加宴会,出席音乐会,观看乒乓球表 演后,他还会边喝咖啡边写每日小结。 With what enthusiasm members of Communist Party of China are conducting political studies. 中国共产党员正以多么高的 热情进行政治学习啊! In the films of those days, all too often it was the same scenario: the hero meets the heroine, they fall in love and live happily ever after. 那时的电影总是一样的剧情:男主人公与 女主人公相遇,继而相爱,从此过上幸福的生活。 Don’ t take it seriously. I am just making fun of you. 不要认真 嘛!我不过是开开玩笑而已。 Once, they had a quarrel over the question of whom to turn off the TV. 他们曾经为了谁去关电视的问题吵了一架。Semantic amplification 由于中英文语言差异,翻译时常常要根据意义的需要,在相 关词汇后加上适当的词, 使直通顺自然, 符合中文表达习惯。 增加名词: 在汉语中, 及物和不及物动词的区别不是很明显, 有时所谓及物动词后面的宾语如果上下文中能够看的出,往 往可以省略不说;而英语则不然。特别是一些不及物动词必 须带上它后面的宾语句子意思才能显得完整。因此,在翻译 时往往就需要增补。 a. Make a schedule or chart of you time and fill in committed time such as eating, playing, meetings, classes, etc. 作一个时 间表,然后,将吃饭、睡觉、开会、上课等等的时间填上。 b. I came here in the spirit of friendship and learning. 我是为 友谊和求学而来。有时形容词前面也可以加上名词: c. His wife thinks that this furniture is too expensive and, moreover looks very ugly. 他妻子认为, 这件家具价格昂贵而 且外表难看。 有时,一些名词或者数量词的复数形式翻译成汉语后前面也 要加词表示重叠: d. Thousands of students from the city ’ s colleges and universities jammed the railway station awaiting the arrival of their football team. 成千上万的高校学生一起涌到火车站欢 迎他们的足球队凯旋。 e. To look after the hordes of sick men there were only a few old doctors who were helpless before such scene of suffering and misery. 只有这些老医生来照看一群群的伤员, 他们在如 此的痛苦、悲伤面前,显得无可奈何。This is a Ford. 这是一辆福特牌汽车。 This new brand of PC is cheap and fine.这个新牌子的电脑物 美价廉。 We can learn what we did not know before. 我们能学会以前 不懂的东西。 增加动词 由于英语是一门“静止”的语言,在所有的词汇当中,用名 词的居多;而相比较而言,汉语则无此限制,不管有多少动 词都可以并排使用。因此,许多英语的名词翻译成汉语时都 要加上一些动词,否则,意思则很不完整,例如: a. His speech in at the meeting turned out exerts a stimulating effect on the mind of the people present that day. 他那天在 会上所做的报告使所有在场的人深受鼓舞。 b. He maintains that only hard work and unswerving perseverance can lead to improved performance. 他坚持认为, 只有通过勤奋工作加上不懈的努力才会取得好的成绩。 c. The lives claimed by shoddy construction projects should be enough to put governments at all levels on the alert. 伪劣建 筑夺取了很多人的生命,这一点足以使我们的各级部门提高 警惕。 d. Efforts must be made to improve service for more than 1 million domestic and overseas tourists.为了一百万的国内外 旅客的利益,我们一定为改善服务质量而进行努力。 英语中的某些不及物动词实际隐含有宾语的意思,翻译时应 补充其宾语: Mary washed for a living after her husband died. 自从她丈夫 去世后,玛丽靠给人洗衣服维持生计。 Day after day, she did the same thing---sweeping, washing and cleaning. 日复一日,她做着同样的事情:拖地,洗衣服,整 理房间。增加表示程度等的副词: They started up into the sky until the noise of the rocket died away. 他猛地抬头往天空看,直到火箭发射的声音渐渐远去。 b. He stole a glance at the pretty girl walking alongside with him. 他偷偷地瞥了她一眼。 She poured out her story of misfortune.她滔滔不绝地倾诉了 她的不幸遭遇。 Time drops in decay, like a candle burnt out. 时间一点一滴的 逝去,犹如蜡烛慢慢燃尽。 根据隐含的意义补充形容词等: Facts are to scientist as words are to the poets. 事实对于科学 家正如文字于诗人一样重要。增加表示总结或概括的词语: Henry Kissinger had slept in the hotel before in July and then in October. 基辛格分别于 7 月和十月两度下榻于该酒店。 The advantages of the hall are bright, spacious, fashionable and without echo. 这个大厅有四大优点:明亮,宽敞,样式 新颖,没有回音。 They talked about wage, price and inflation. 他们谈及工资, 物价和通货膨胀等问题。英语词态及曲折变化词体现在动词上,汉译时应增加一些表 示时间,状态等助词:如“曾经” “已经” “过/了”表示过 去, “正在” “着” “现在”等表示现在进行, “将” “会” “要” 等表示将来,以及其他一些词“过去” “现在” “将来”等。 I was, and remain grateful for his influence on my life. 他在我 生命中有着重要的影响,对此,我过去很感激,现在依然很 感激。 China has been implementing the birth control policy over the past decades. 过去几十年来, 中国一直在推行计划生育政策。 英语中介词, 副词, 形容词甚至连词等都可以表达动作含义, 亦可通过助动词等省略作谓语的动词,翻译时应补充合适的 动词: They quarreled for about 10 hours, through dinner, and deep into the night. 他们吵了大约 10 小时,中间吃了顿晚饭又接 着吵到深夜。 He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech. 他没有致 闭幕辞就宣布会议结束。 We don’ we never have and never will. 我们决不后 退,我们从来没有后退过,将来也决不后退。英语中数词与可数名词往往直接连用,但翻译时应加上适当 的量词: Flowers bloom all over the garden. 朵朵鲜花在花园里处处开 放。 The first electronic computers came into use in 1950s. 第一代 电子计算机在二十世纪五十年代正式投入使用。 A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea. 一轮红日从平静的海 面冉冉升起。 Repeat the experiment using a wooden ruler, a piece of glass, a coin, a piece of paper, and a pin. 用一把木尺,一块玻璃, 一枚硬币,一张纸和一个大头针,重做这个实验。某些由动词或形容词派生出来的抽象名词,翻译时可根据上 下文增加名词,使译文更符合汉语规范:如 preparation(准 备工作),madness(疯狂行为),tension (紧张局势)等: We have made some achievements, and we must guard against complacency. 我们取得了一些成绩, 但还要防止自满 情绪。 Persuasion should be carried out among residents here. 应该 对这里的居民开展说服工作。 Structural amplification 正如前面所说的那样,中英文在句式方面也有很大差异,英 语经常可以省略一些词而用其他的语法成分把那层意义暗 含出来,翻译时可根据汉语的表达习惯,补充一些购架结构 式的词语,甚至短句(如以达到汉语排比句式的需要等) : Reading maketh a full man, conference a ready man, writing an exact man. 读书使人充实, 辩论使人机智, 写作使人准确。 Histories make men wise, poets witty, the mathematics subtle, natural philosophy deep, moral grave, logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密, 科学使人深刻,伦理使人庄重,逻辑修辞使人善辩。 Without Bill Gates, there surely will not be Microsoft. 如果没 有比尔盖次,就不会有微软帝国。 Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability. 读书足 以怡情,足以博采,足以长才。 Association with the good c with the wicked, evil. 近朱者赤,近墨者黑。增加承上启下的词语: Yes, I like Hunan cuisines. Lots of Chinese people do these days, sort of the fashion. 不错,我喜欢湘菜,现在很多中国 人都喜欢湘菜,这种情况算是有点赶时髦吧。 They have made many mistakes, bad ones. 他们已经犯下了 许多错误,而且还是很糟的错误。Rhetorical amplification 主要指英汉翻译时为保证 SL 和 TL 之间美感,句势,韵律等 的对应,应增加相关字词以满足汉语使用 2/4/6/8 等双词, 特别是四字词组的习惯: Fine words dress ill deeds. 花言巧语,卑鄙行经。 Truth is never pure, and rarely simple. 真理从来都不是纯洁 无暇的,很少简单明了。 Her room is always kept clean and tidy, though she is busy all day long. 虽然她整天忙忙碌碌,她的房间却总是干干净净, 整整齐齐。 We have no more right to consume happiness without producing it than to consume the wealth without creating it. 如果我们不创造幸福就无权享受幸福,正如如果我们不创造 财富就无权享受财富一样。 According to scientists, it took nature 500 years to create an inch of topsoil(表层土). 根据科学家的研究, 自然界要生成一 英寸的表层土壤需要 500 年的时间。 The frequency, wave length, and speed of sound are closely related. 频率,波长和声速三者是密切相关的。 Learning wit thought without learning is idle. 学而不思则惘,思而不学则殆。 The best conductor has the least resistance and the poorest the greatest. 最好的导体电阻最小而最差的导体电阻最大。附二、作业林语堂的 Moment in Peking 当中描写慈禧太后的句子: The ignorant old woman who ruled for the entire last half of the nineteenth century did more than any other single person to hold back China’s progress. Without her the progressive Emperor Kuangshu would certainly have gone on with his reforms. To the end, the Emperor, like an eagle deprived of its wings, remained submissive to his aunt. Ignorance added to a strong characte stupidity joining hands with stubbornness was twice stupid. 张振玉先生的译文: 那个愚蠢无知的老太婆统治了 19 世纪的后 50 年,使中国不 能进步, 她可算功劳第一。 若没有她, 锐意求进的光绪皇帝, 一定会进行他的维新大计。 光绪皇帝, 像个剪去翅膀的苍鹰, 一直对他这位大权在握的老伯母必恭必敬,百依百顺。愚而 妄, 其为祸则加倍地强烈。 愚蠢再与刚愎携手, 则愚蠢倍增。译文 2: 那个无知的老太婆在 19 世纪后半叶统治中国整整 50 年之久。 阻止中国进步的第一大功臣,当真非她莫属。若不是她,锐 意进取的光绪皇帝,一定能推行他的维新大计。然而自始至 终,光绪都慑服于他这位伯母的淫威之下,如一只剪去翅膀 的苍鹰。无知而刚愎,其为祸则倍增。愚蠢与顽固携手,便 是愚不可耐。 2. Of Study Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in priv for ornament, and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men can exe-cute, and perhaps judge of particulars, but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. To spend too much time to use them too much for ornament, to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning, and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, a for they tea but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to co nor to believe
nor to fin but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be that is, some books are to b others to be read, and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts
but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books, else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things. 读书足以怡情,足以博彩,足以长才。其怡情也,最见于独 处幽居之时;其傅彩也,最见于高谈阔论之中;其长才也, 最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判 别枝节,然纵观统筹、全局策划,则舍好学深思者莫属。读 书费时过多易惰,文采藻饰太盛则矫,全凭条文断事乃学究 故态。读书补天然之不足,经验又补读书之不足,盖天生才 干犹如自然花草,读书然后知如何修剪移接;而书中所示, 如不以经验范之,则又大而无当。有一技之长者鄙读书,无 知者羡读书,唯明智之士用读书,然书并不以用处告人,用 书之智不在书中,而在书外,全凭观察得之。读书时不可存 心诘难作者,不可尽信书上所言,亦不可只为寻章摘句,而 应推敲细思。书有可浅尝者,有可吞食者,少数则须咀嚼消 化。换言之,有只须读其部分者,有只须大体涉猎者,少数 则须全读,读时须全神贯注,孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读, 取其所作摘要,但只限题材较次或价值不高者,否则书经提 炼犹如水经蒸馏、淡而无味矣。 Rea co and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need if he confer little, he had need have a present wit: and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know, that he doth not. His the
nat logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrough like as diseases of the body, may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for shooting for
gentle wal and the like. So if a man's wit be wandering, let him s for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the S for they are cymini sectors. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers' cases. So every defect of the mind, may have a special receipt. 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人准确。因此不 常作笔记者须记忆特强,不常讨论者须天生聪颖,不常读书 者须欺世有术,始能无知而显有知。读史使人明智,读诗使 人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理学使人庄重, 逻辑修辞之学使人善辩:凡有所学,皆成性格。人之才智但 有滞碍,无不可读适当之书使之顺畅,一如身体百病,皆可 借相宜之运动除之。 滚球利睾肾, 射箭利胸肺, 慢步利肠胃, 骑术利头脑,诸如此类。如智力不集中,可令读数学,盖演 题须全神贯注,稍有分散即须重演;如不能辨异,可令读经 院哲学,盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人;如不善求同,不善以一物 阐证另一物,可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷,皆 有特药可医。 (王佐良先生译)第 11-13 次课 6 学时 教学重点: 被动句翻译的原则与方法 教学难点: 被动句翻译过程中句子结构的变化 教学内容: 第一节被动句的翻译:被动句转化成主动句;转化成无主语 的句子;保持原来的被动结构;被其他结构替代。 第二节被动句子翻译训练 篇章翻译训练 详细内容见附一 教学组织: 1.多媒体课件 2.课堂讲解的同时进行即时翻译训练 作业布置: 1.句子翻译 2. 篇章翻译 The year 2050(continued) 详细内容见附二 本次课推荐和参考文献 方梦之、毛忠明, 《英汉-汉英应用翻译教程》 ,上海外语教 育出版社,2005 年 申雨平、戴宁编著, 《实用英汉翻译教程》 ,外语教学与研究 出版社,2005 年 本次课实践教学设计: 课后自我总结分析:附一、教学内容 被动语态的翻译技巧 The Passive Voice in English-Chinese TranslationThe passive voice in Chinese is less commonly used in comparison with the English on account of the flexible syntax of the Chinese language. Therefore, in dealing with English-Chinese translation, we should avoid sticking to the original patterns, and try to convert the passive voice into various “active” patterns. Methods of translating sentences in passive voice The passive voice converted into the active voice The passive structure converted into a sentence without a subject The passive structure remaining unchanged The passive voice replaced by other structuresI.The passive voice converted into the active voice The Original Subject Unchanged Example 1: The whole country was armed in a few days. Example 2: The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated. 译1:几天之内全国武装起来了。 译2:他在青少年时期留下的自卑感还远远没有完全消除。 Example 3: Every moment of every day, energy is being transformed from one form to another. Example 4: The picture was printed by Professor Smith. 译3:每时每刻,能量都在由一种形式变为另一种形式。 译4:这幅画是史密斯教授画的。 Changing Original Object into Subject Example1: By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization. Example 2: A new way of displaying time has been given by electronics. Example 3: Communications satellites are used forinternational living transmission throughout the world. 译1:大战结束时,这个组织拯救了800人。 译2:电子技术提供了一种新的显示时间的方法。 译3:全世界都将通信卫星用于国际间的实况转播。 . Adding a Proper Subject to Make the Chinese Version Smooth. Example 1: To explore the moon’s surface, rockets were launched again and again. Example 2: Salt is known to have a very strong corroding effect on metals. Example 3: It is well known that smoking is harmful to the health. 译1:为了探测月球的表面,人们一次又一次地发射火箭。 译2:大家知道,盐对金属有很强的腐蚀作用。 译3:众所周知,吸烟对人体有害。II. The passive structure converted into a sentence without a subject Omission of the subject is one of the typical features of Chinese syntax. Therefore in the practice of English-Chinese translation, we may use a sentence without a subject to replace the English sentences in the passive voice. Example 1: The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end. Example 2: Attention has been paid to the new measures to prevent corrosion. Example 3: Best surface finish is provided be machining methods, especially by grinding. 译1:必须立即中止这种讨厌的噪音。 译2:已经注意到采取防腐新措施。 译3:用机械加工方法,特别是磨削方法,可以获得最佳表 面光洁度。III. The passive structure remaining unchanged Rendering Into Chinese by Using “被. . . ”or “给. . . ” Example 1: If the scheme is approved, work on the project will start immediately. Example 2: At the end of the month he was fired for incompetence. Example 3: Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield. 译1:如果方案被批准,这项工程将立即动工。 译2:月底,他因无能而被解雇了。 译3:我们随时都会被出入机场的敌机发现。Rendering Into Chinese by Using “遭. . . ”or “受. . . ” Example 1: Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world. Example 2: He was set upon by two masked men. 译1:我们的对外政策受到全世界人民的支持。 译2:他遭到两个蒙面男子的袭击。Rendering Into Chinese by Using “为. . .所” Example 1: Such conduct will be looked down upon by all with sense of decency. Example 2: As soon as all the facts have been found out, we can begin to formulatea theory. Example 3: All the buildings were destroyed in a big fire. 译1:这种行为将会为一切有良知的人所蔑视。 译2:一旦所有的事实为人们所发现,理论即可形成。 译3:所有的建筑物均为一场大火所焚毁。 The passive voice replaced by other structures In some cases, however, the passive voice in English can not be rendered into good Chinese by any of the above means. Therefore, it is up to the translator to adjust or remold the whole structure, trying to find a readable and smooth Chinese version. Example 1: The village is populated by about 13,000 farmers. Example 2: Most trees are denuded of leaves in winter. Example 3: The news was passed on by word of mouth. 译1:村子里住着大约13000农民。 译2:大多数树木冬天要落叶。 译3:众口相传,消息不胫而走。 Example 4: She was delivered of a boy. Example 5: He has been wedded to translation Example 6: She did not wish to be troubled. 译4:她生了一个男孩。 译5:他与翻译结下了不解之缘。 译6:她不愿找麻烦。 附二、作业1.句子翻译 They were given a hearty welcome. 他们受到热烈欢迎。 A new student is kept on probation for one semester. 新生需要试读一学期。 My first 30 years were spent in Western America. 我的最初 30 年在美国西部度过。 Most letters from his wife are read to him by the nurse in the hospital. 他妻子给他的绝大部分信件由医院里的(这个)护士读给他 听。 Mr.Crossett lives in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods. 克劳斯特先生住在一个非常古老的、美丽树林环绕的小镇里。 Boats are moved by cars or by the wind, and ships by paddle-wheels or screws.2. 篇章翻译 The year 2050(continued) Meanwhile, both old and new industrialized nations are taking advantages of the changes mandated by the environmental crisis to search for a pattern of progress which will lead to greater human satisfaction and social cohesion. 同时,无论是老牌的还是新生的工业化国家都充分利用环境 危机所带来的变化(条件) ,寻求一种可以满足人民更多需 要和增强社会凝聚力的增长方式。The choice between these two futures must be made not in 50 years’ time but today. More than two decades when the world could have been addressing these urgent problems have already been lost. Another lost decades will probably be decisive. As UNDP Administrator James Gustave Speth recently testified:(梅媛谊21)20年前,世界(我们)就应该对这些严峻的问题引起重视,却白白浪费了!下一个(另外一个)10 年也许是决定性的。 (就象)联合国计划开发署的行政长官 (官员)Jams Gustave Speth 近期表明的那样:“Forces have been unleashed in recent years that could give us, early in the new century, very different courses. We could witness large areas of the world dissolving into ethnic violence, poverty, hunger, and social and environmental disintegration. 最近几年,武力象脱缰的野马四处肆虐,这在新世纪初期给 我们带来了非同寻常的课题庞香冰21。我们可以目睹这个 世界上十分广泛的地区卷入到了种族冲突、贫穷、饥饿、社 会和环境问题的漩涡当中。 Or we could all be the beneficiaries of tremendous vitality and innovation for the creation of a new, just, and sustainable international order? Yours: 或者, 我们创造出一个崭新、 公平、 持续的国际秩序, 从而成为无限生机和改革创新的受益者。梁婕22 与之相对的是,我们都能够成为为建立一个崭新、公平、持 续的国际秩序而不断改革和创新的受益者? But we must act now with determination and urgency. Everything that must be done should have been done yesterday. Tomorrow it will be more costly. Time is the most important variable in the equation of the future.” 但是我们现在必须矢志不渝、迅速地行动起来。今天要做的 事情本来就是昨天应该完成的,如果明天再做,代价就太大 了。时间和未来一样都是最重要且变化莫测的。 (徐宗耀2 1) States have drawn back from the brink of collapse, and domestic and international resources have been gradually shifted from military and peace-keeping budgets toinvestments in economic development, social progress, and environmental protection. 各国已经从毁灭的边缘悬崖勒马(扶大厦于将倾之际官劲21) ,把预计用于军备发面的国内国际资源逐渐转移到经济建设、社会进步和环境保护等方面。 The established industrialized nations have all reduced military spending, restricted arms sales, and invested more financial and human resources in working with developing nations to find the technologies that can meet the legitimate aspirations of their 7 billion people fora higher standard of living while preserving the integrity of local and global environments. 发达工业化国家都在消减军用开支;限制武器销售,在保护 国内外环境不受到破坏的同时,把越来越多的财力和人力投 入到与发展中国家的合作上,以期发明创造出能够满足发展 中国家 70 亿人口实现更高生活水平(合理愿望)的科学技 术, 第 14

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